Cybersecurity Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?

  • Preventing hardware failures
  • Protecting physical devices
  • Safeguarding data and systems (correct)
  • Enhancing software speed

What does the OSI model stand for?

  • Open Systems Interconnection (correct)
  • Overhead Systems Infrastructure
  • Online Security Interface
  • Operational Security Integration

Which layer of the OSI model handles data encryption?

  • Physical
  • Network
  • Presentation (correct)
  • Transport

What is the purpose of a firewall in cybersecurity?

<p>Monitoring and controlling network traffic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define "network security."

<p>It encompasses the practices, policies, and technologies that protect a network and its data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of ARPANET?

<p>Secure communication during the Cold War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vulnerability in software?

<p>A weakness or flaw in software that can be exploited to compromise security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one tool used to identify vulnerabilities in software.

<p>Nessus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of data security?

<p>Ensuring authorized access and preventing breaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of vulnerable software exploitation?

<p>Stack overflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the OSI model deals with IP addressing?

<p>Network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is "packet switching"?

<p>A method of breaking data into smaller packets that are transmitted independently and reassembled at the destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Domain Name Server (DNS)?

<p>Translates human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common IP address format in IPv4?

<p>Four decimal numbers separated by dots, e.g., 192.168.1.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "port" in computer networking.

<p>A virtual communication endpoint used to identify specific processes or services on a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is port 80 commonly used in web communication?

<p>It is the default port for HTTP, the protocol used for web communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the local loopback IP address?

<p>127.0.0.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym ARP stand for?

<p>Address Resolution Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the transport layer in networking?

<p>To ensure data delivery between devices, handling tasks like segmentation and error checking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a reserved TCP port number.

<p>Port 21 (FTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "packet capture" in network security.

<p>Capturing and logging data packets that pass through a network for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tools like NMAP?

<p>To scan networks and identify open ports and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an application layer protocol? Provide one example.

<p>An application layer protocol defines communication rules for applications. Example: HTTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does data security differ from network security?

<p>Data security focuses on protecting the integrity and privacy of data, while network security protects the infrastructure and transmission channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk of unencrypted communication over networks?

<p>Data can be intercepted and read by unauthorized parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is encryption?

<p>The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext to prevent unauthorized access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one use case of encryption.

<p>Securing communications, protecting sensitive data, or enabling safe online transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most secure symmetric encryption algorithm in common use today?

<p>AES (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plaintext?

<p>The original, readable form of data before encryption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ciphertext?

<p>The scrambled, unreadable form of data after encryption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary types of encryption?

<p>Symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary weakness of the DES algorithm?

<p>Its short key length (56 bits), which makes it vulnerable to brute-force attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?

<p>Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, while asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys (public and private) for these operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "encryption key."

<p>A secret value used in the encryption and decryption process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are longer encryption keys more secure?

<p>Longer keys have more possible combinations, making brute-force attacks computationally infeasible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is brute force in cryptography?

<p>A method of attempting all possible keys until the correct one is found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of modular arithmetic in encryption?

<p>It is used to perform encryption and decryption operations, ensuring data is within a defined numeric range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is RC4 no longer considered secure?

<p>Its keystream generation has predictable patterns, making it vulnerable to attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of AES over DES?

<p>AES has longer key lengths, faster performance, and better resistance to cryptanalysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In symmetric encryption, how are keys shared between sender and receiver?

<p>Keys are shared through secure channels, such as using Diffie-Hellman or pre-shared methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of asymmetric encryption?

<p>Key exchange and digital signatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define "public key" and "private key."

<p>Public key: Used for encryption and shared openly. Private key: Used for decryption and kept secret.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cryptanalysis?

<p>The study of analyzing and breaking cryptographic systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ECB mode in encryption, and why is it insecure for some applications?

<p>ECB encrypts blocks independently, so identical plaintext blocks produce identical ciphertext blocks, revealing patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an initialization vector (IV), and why is it used?

<p>An IV is a random value used to ensure that ciphertext for identical plaintexts is different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Cipher Block Chaining (CBC), what is XORed with the plaintext before encryption?

<p>The ciphertext of the previous block is XORed with the plaintext.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hashing in encryption?

<p>Hashing is used to verify data integrity and create unique digital fingerprints of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it impractical to brute-force AES with a 256-bit key?

<p>There are 2^256 possible keys, making brute-force attacks impractical with current technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "entropy" refer to in cryptography?

<p>The measure of randomness or unpredictability in a cryptographic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term "key exchange" in encryption.

<p>Key exchange refers to securely sharing encryption keys between parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Network Security

The practice of protecting networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access or cyberattacks.

Software Vulnerability

A weakness or flaw in software that can be exploited to compromise security.

Packet Switching

A method of breaking data into smaller packets that are transmitted independently and reassembled at the destination.

Domain Name Server (DNS)

Translates human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses.

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Port (in Networking)

A port is a virtual communication endpoint used to identify specific processes or services on a network.

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Why is port 80 commonly used?

It is the default port for HTTP, the protocol used for web communication.

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Packet Capture

Capturing and logging data packets that pass through a network for analysis.

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Application Layer Protocol

An application layer protocol defines communication rules for applications. Example: HTTP.

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Data Security vs. Network Security

Data security focuses on protecting the integrity and privacy of data, while network security protects the infrastructure and transmission channels.

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Encryption

The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext to prevent unauthorized access.

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Plaintext

Plaintext is the original, readable form of data before encryption.

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Ciphertext

Ciphertext is the scrambled, unreadable form of data after encryption.

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Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Encryption

Symmetric encryption uses the same key for encryption and decryption, whereas asymmetric encryption uses a key pair (public and private).

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Encryption Key

A secret value used in the encryption and decryption process.

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Brute Force (Cryptography)

A method of attempting all possible keys until the correct one is found.

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Modular Arithmetic in Encryption

It is used to perform encryption and decryption operations, ensuring data is within a defined numeric range.

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AES Advantages over DES

AES has longer key lengths, faster performance, and better resistance to cryptanalysis.

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Key Sharing in Symmetric Encryption

Keys are shared through secure channels, such as using Diffie-Hellman or pre-shared methods.

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Public Key and Private Key

Public key: Used for encryption and shared openly. Private key: Used for decryption and kept secret.

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Cryptanalysis

The study of analyzing and breaking cryptographic systems.

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ECB Mode (Encryption)

ECB encrypts blocks independently, so identical plaintext blocks produce identical ciphertext blocks, revealing patterns.

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Initialization Vector (IV)

An IV is a random value used to ensure that ciphertext for identical plaintexts is different.

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Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)

The ciphertext of the previous block is XORed with the plaintext.

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Hashing in Encryption

Hashing is used to verify data integrity and create unique digital fingerprints of data.

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Brute-forcing AES (256-bit key)

There are 2^256 possible keys, making brute-force attacks impractical with current technology.

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Entropy (Cryptography)

The measure of randomness or unpredictability in a cryptographic system.

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Key Exchange 

Key exchange refers to securely sharing encryption keys between parties.

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Study Notes

Cybersecurity Fundamentals

  • Primary goal of cybersecurity: Safeguarding data and systems
  • OSI model: Open Systems Interconnection
  • Firewall purpose: Monitoring and controlling network traffic
  • Network security: Protecting networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access
  • ARPANET original purpose: Secure communication during the Cold War
  • Software vulnerability: A weakness or flaw exploitable to compromise security
  • Tools to identify vulnerabilities: Vulnerability scanners (Nessus, OpenVAS)
  • Data Security Focus: Ensuring authorized access and preventing breaches

Network Security

  • Firewall role: Encrypting data before transmission (incorrect), monitoring and controlling network traffic, and detecting viruses (incorrect).
  • OSI model Data Encryption layer: Presentation layer
  • Packet Switching: A method of breaking data into smaller packets for independent transmission and reassembly at the destination.

Computer Networking

  • Port 80 use in web communication: Used for HTTP communication (web traffic)
  • Local loopback IP address: 127.0.0.1 (used for testing)
  • ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
  • Transport layer function: Handles the reliable delivery of data between applications
  • Reserved TCP port number example: 22 (SSH), 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS)
  • Packet capture: Capturing and logging data packets for analysis

Cryptography and Encryption

  • Plaintext: Original, readable form of data
  • Ciphertext: Scrambled, unreadable form of data, result of encryption
  • Symmetric encryption methods: AES, DES
  • Asymmetric encryption method: Diffie-Hellman, RSA,
  • Symmetric encryption: Uses same key for encryption and decryption.
  • Asymmetric encryption: Uses a public and private key pair.
  • Brute-force attack: Trying all possible keys until the correct one is found
  • Key exchange: Securely sharing encryption keys between parties
  • Initialization vector (IV): Random value used to prevent identical plaintext from producing identical ciphertext
  • Hashing in encryption: Creating unique digital fingerprints of data for integrity verification
  • Key length vulnerability: Short keys vulnerable to brute-force attacks (ex: 56-bit DES keys)
  • Entropy: Measure of randomness or unpredictability in a cryptographic system.
  • Cryptoanalysis: The study of analyzing and breaking cryptographic systems

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Week 2 Questions PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of cybersecurity, including the OSI model, the role of firewalls, and network security practices. This quiz covers key topics like data security, software vulnerabilities, and tools for identifying risks. Perfect for anyone looking to strengthen their understanding of cybersecurity fundamentals.

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