Cybersecurity Essentials Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which principle ensures that data is only collected for its intended purpose?

Kept longer than necessary

Maintained for excess usage

Processed for the stated purpose (correct)

Fairly and lawfully processed

How should data be maintained to comply with privacy standards?

Shared freely without restrictions

Accessible to all users

Kept secure and accurate (correct)

Stored indefinitely

What is the primary use of user accounts in a computing environment?

To run applications

To monitor online activities

To manage hardware resources

To authenticate a user (correct)

What method is commonly used to authenticate a user?

Password and biometric data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics should a strong password include?

At least one capital letter Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary function of firewalls?

Log all incoming and outgoing traffic Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when transferring data internationally?

Transferring without necessary safeguards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to protect passwords?

Forget to change passwords Signup and view all the answers

How do firewalls assist in protecting devices?

Block traffic that doesn't match specific criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of maintaining user security in online activities?

Maintaining hard-to-crack passwords Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for creating secure passwords?

Using your date of birth Signup and view all the answers

What types of firewalls exist?

Both software and hardware-based Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to regularly change passwords?

To enhance security against unauthorized access Signup and view all the answers

What alert feature do firewalls provide?

Warn users if software connects to the internet Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the threats that firewalls help protect against?

Harmful IP addresses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about strong passwords?

They should include personal information for easy recall Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of antivirus software?

Comparing files with a known virus database Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of encryption primarily aim to achieve?

Transforming readable data into unreadable format Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of biometric recognition?

Password complexity Signup and view all the answers

How do ethical hackers differ from malicious hackers?

They operate legally with permission. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended to detect dormant viruses?

Full system scans on a weekly basis Signup and view all the answers

What assurance does encryption provide?

Safeguarding of data confidentiality and integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mitigation strategy against malicious hacking?

Employing strong passwords Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with malware?

Compromising the security and integrity of data Signup and view all the answers

What should you avoid doing to respect others' privacy online?

Sharing others' private information Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to share personal information wisely?

It may affect your future job prospects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of acknowledging cultural differences online?

Recognizing that not all social values are the same Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate action to take regarding trolling or harassment online?

Refuse to empower abuse and harassment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommendation for managing content shared online?

Limit sharing of spam and irrelevant content Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of worms in the context of computer security?

They are standalone viruses seeking vulnerable computers. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken to help prevent phishing attacks?

Use anti-phishing toolbars on web browsers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Trojan in computer security?

A harmful program disguising itself as legitimate software. Signup and view all the answers

What does two-factor authentication (2FA) provide?

A second layer of security beyond just a username and password. Signup and view all the answers

What is spy software primarily used for?

Monitoring user keystrokes and sending information to the sender. Signup and view all the answers

How can users verify unsecured links in emails?

By conducting a web search to identify reported scams. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is a misconception about preventing phishing?

All phishing emails are obvious and easy to detect. Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits logic bombs?

Embedded codes that activate under specified conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Strong Passwords

Strong passwords are difficult to crack or guess.
Should include at least one capital letter.
Should include at least one numerical value.
Should include at least one other keyboard character (such as @, *, &).

Firewalls

Act as a barrier between your device and the internet.
Can be software or hardware-based.
Monitor and filter information going in and out of your device.
Allow users to approve or deny communication from external sources.
Tasks:
- Examine traffic between devices and public networks.
- Block traffic that doesn't match specific criteria.
- Log all incoming and outgoing traffic for future analysis.
- Prevent access to harmful IP addresses.
- Help protect against viruses and hackers.
- Warn users if any software tries connecting to external data sources.

Antivirus Software

Continuously monitors for virus attacks in the background.
Common functions:
- Checking software/files prior to execution.
- Comparison with known virus database.
- Heuristic checking for suspicious behavior.
- Quarantine suspect files; allowing automatic removal or manual review.
Requires regular updates due to constant discovery of new viruses.
Weekly full system scans are recommended to detect dormant viruses.

Encryption

Alters readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext).
Uses a mathematical process with an encryption algorithm and a key.
The key and process are complex enough to make brute force attack extremely unlikely.
Decryption reverses the process using the same key or a different decryption key.
Offers no protection against file deletion.
Safeguards data integrity and confidentiality.

Biometrics

Uses the unique characteristics of human beings to enhance security.
Examples include fingerprint scans, retina scans, face recognition, and voice recognition.

Hacking

Unauthorized access to a system with the intent to cause harm.
Types:
- Malicious: Aims at stealing sensitive information, modifying files.
- Ethical: Authorized testing, evaluating cyber security strength, legal, commissioned by organizations.

Malware

Small programs that pose a threat to data integrity and security.
Types:
- Viruses: Self-replicate, delete or corrupt files, need active host programs.
- Worms: Standalone viruses seeking other vulnerable computers via networks.
- Logic Bombs: Embedded codes triggered under specific conditions.
- Trojans: Harmful programs disguised as legitimate software.
- Bots: Automated scripts vulnerable to unauthorized takeover and attacks.
- Spyware: Monitors keystrokes, sends gathered information to a sender (keylogging).

Phishing

Emails that look legitimate but contain links or attachments that lead to fake websites or trick users into revealing personal information.
How to prevent:
- Be vigilant for new scams.
- Avoid clicking unconfirmed links and unknown file downloads.
- Be cautious of offers that are too good to be true.
- Utilize anti-phishing toolbars on web browsers for warnings.
- Periodically examine digital accounts and modify passwords routinely.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

Requires two forms of authentication for account login.
Uses username/password combo with a second authentication factor like a phone number, fingerprint, or security code.
Often involves a one-time code (OTP) sent to a mobile device or email address.
Confirms account ownership before granting access.

Internet Ethics

Acknowledge and accept cultural differences online.
Refuse to participate in online abuse and harassment.
Keep spam to a minimum.
Share content that is meaningful.
Respect others' privacy.
Be cautious about sharing personal information online.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key components of cybersecurity, including strong password creation, the role of firewalls, and the functions of antivirus software. Understand how these elements work together to protect your devices and personal information from cyber threats.