Cybernetics and Information Management

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Questions and Answers

What category of human need includes the need for food and water?

Visceral need (correct)

Affective need

Cognitive need

Formalized need

Which type of need is described as a conscious, within-brain description?

Visceral need

Formalized need

Conscious need (correct)

Compromised need

What may trigger affective or cognitive needs according to the outlined theories?

Physiological needs (correct)

Formalized needs

Cognitive processes

Compromised needs

What is the main characteristic of an affective need?

Involves emotional responses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of need is characterized by a formal statement of the need?

Formalized need Signup and view all the answers

According to Wilson's Model, what can arise from the failure to satisfy cognitive needs?

Affective needs Signup and view all the answers

What does Wilson's Model of Information Behavior primarily explain?

User interaction with various information types Signup and view all the answers

How are cognitive needs described in relation to information?

Fluid and dependent on additional information Signup and view all the answers

What does data represent in the DIKW model?

A fact or statement of event without relation to other things Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophical standpoint underlies the intellectual backdrop of the IKW hierarchy?

Positivism or operationalism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary critique of the DIKW model according to Fricke (2007)?

It has poor methodological foundation. Signup and view all the answers

What transition occurs when data is promoted to information?

Data is contextualized to answer questions. Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is levied against the DIKW theory regarding the collection of data?

It encourages mindless and meaningless data collection. Signup and view all the answers

How does knowledge differ from information in the DIKW model?

Knowledge presents connections and patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of cybernetics according to Wiener?

The science of control and communication in animals and machines Signup and view all the answers

What does refined operationalism suggest about certain concepts?

They need to be quantifiable for understanding. Signup and view all the answers

How do theorists in the cybernetic tradition approach system issues?

By focusing on the existence of bugs within the system Signup and view all the answers

What does General Systems Theory primarily address regarding living systems?

The functions of living systems with respect to their environment Signup and view all the answers

What example illustrates the transition from data to information?

The temperature dropped 15 degrees and then it started raining. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the critical functions performed by living systems according to General Systems Theory?

Reduction of environmental impact Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'entropy' refer to in the context provided?

The tendency of systems towards greater uniformity and less differentiation Signup and view all the answers

According to Ongkiko & Flor, what is a significant aspect of entropy?

It is a universal tendency for differentiations to diminish Signup and view all the answers

What might the 'bugs' referred to in cybernetics also represent?

Elements causing disorder, such as entropy Signup and view all the answers

Which exchange is NOT listed as a critical function of living systems?

Chemical exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of development communication as outlined?

Creating knowledge from information for better living Signup and view all the answers

What does Ongkiko & Flor suggest about systems in relation to organization?

They tend to deteriorate in organization Signup and view all the answers

What defines information science according to Taylor?

Investigating information properties and behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a process in information management?

Investment Signup and view all the answers

What is one goal of creating avenues for public engagement in social issues?

To achieve societal goals collaboratively Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of information is emphasized for optimizing accessibility according to Taylor?

Organization and dissemination Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the dynamics of information transformation essential?

It aids in improving people's lives Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes information processing in the context of knowledge acquisition?

Negating entropy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary applications of information science according to Norton?

Awareness and understanding Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for effective communication as stated in the content?

Clear understanding with minimal noise Signup and view all the answers

What does George A. Miller suggest about human information processing capabilities?

They are severely limited. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of weak knowledge differ from strong knowledge?

Weak knowledge is easier to articulate than strong knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the DIKW model, what is wisdom characterized as?

The practical application of know-how. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind categorizing and coding information?

To stretch the limits of our processing capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'channel capacity' refer to in the context of information processing?

The external information entering and exiting the individual. Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge often considered inarticulable and finite?

Because of built-in constraints on processing information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between knowledge and information as suggested in the content?

They collapse into each other. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human capabilities does the content highlight as finite?

The volume of sensory input we can accept. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cybernetics

Cybernetics is the science of "control and communication in the animal and the machine" (Wiener, 1962).
Cybernetics is linked to General Systems Theory (Bertalanffy, 1968), which states that living systems exchange materials, energy, and information with their environment.
Systems tend towards entropy, which Ongkiko & Flor (2006) define as a tendency towards greater uniformity and lesser differentiation or organization.
To combat entropy, information needs to be processed for understanding and action.

Information Management in Development Communication

Information science investigates the properties and behavior of information, its flow, and optimal accessibility.
Information management encompasses origination, dissemination, collection, organization, storage, retrieval, interpretation, and use of information.
Information science applications include managing, organizing, and retrieving information for various purposes.

The DIKW Hierarchy

The DIKW (Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom) hierarchy classifies information into four levels of increasing complexity.
Data is a fact or statement without relation to other things.
Information embodies understanding of a relationship, often cause and effect.
Knowledge presents a pattern connecting information, predicting future outcomes.
Wisdom is the application of knowledge to achieve appropriate ends.
The DIKW model has been criticized for its philosophical basis, encouraging mindless data collection and overlooking the role of "weak knowledge" or "knowledge-that," which is articulatable and recordable.

Human Information Behavior

Human information needs are categorized as physiological, affective, and cognitive.
Physiological needs trigger affective and/or cognitive needs.
Affective needs can give rise to cognitive needs.
Unsatisfied cognitive needs can result in affective needs.
Information seeking behavior involves satisfying these needs through different levels of information need.
Wilson's Model of Information Behavior explains information seeking across user categories.

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Description

Explore the interconnected principles of cybernetics and information management in this quiz. Understand the flow of information, control, and the challenges of entropy in systems. This quiz will assess your knowledge of key concepts and their applications.