Podcast
Questions and Answers
Modern networks require a deep understanding of what is present on the network; what ______ exist; and who might be targeting them.
Modern networks require a deep understanding of what is present on the network; what ______ exist; and who might be targeting them.
weaknesses
Gaining insight into network activity allows for increased ______ to outmaneuver increasingly sophisticated threat actors.
Gaining insight into network activity allows for increased ______ to outmaneuver increasingly sophisticated threat actors.
agility
Threat data, when given the appropriate context, results in the creation of threat ______.
Threat data, when given the appropriate context, results in the creation of threat ______.
intelligence
Several products can provide decision-makers with a clear picture of network ______.
Several products can provide decision-makers with a clear picture of network ______.
A good threat intelligence ______ is necessary for any modern information security program.
A good threat intelligence ______ is necessary for any modern information security program.
Sergio Caltagirone defines cyber threat intelligence as 'actionable knowledge and insight on ______ and their malicious activities.'
Sergio Caltagirone defines cyber threat intelligence as 'actionable knowledge and insight on ______ and their malicious activities.'
Investing in analysts who can collect and quickly understand data about ______ facing the organization is often effective.
Investing in analysts who can collect and quickly understand data about ______ facing the organization is often effective.
Decades of intelligence analysis studies can be used to define threat ______.
Decades of intelligence analysis studies can be used to define threat ______.
A potential security risk is allowing clients to see directory listings instead of a rendered ______.
A potential security risk is allowing clients to see directory listings instead of a rendered ______.
To find vulnerable server directories, use the Google search query: site: intitle:"index of" "parent ______".
To find vulnerable server directories, use the Google search query: site: intitle:"index of" "parent ______".
Several registries are crucial for the Internet's function, and they manage unique global ______ addresses.
Several registries are crucial for the Internet's function, and they manage unique global ______ addresses.
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) are responsible for assigning ______ addresses worldwide.
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) are responsible for assigning ______ addresses worldwide.
As a security analyst, understanding advanced Google search methods such as Boolean logic and ______ order is useful.
As a security analyst, understanding advanced Google search methods such as Boolean logic and ______ order is useful.
___ intelligence is derived from human sources through overt, covert, or clandestine methods.
___ intelligence is derived from human sources through overt, covert, or clandestine methods.
___ intelligence is the analysis of imagery and geospatial data concerning security-related activities.
___ intelligence is the analysis of imagery and geospatial data concerning security-related activities.
Signals intelligence is intelligence-gathering done via intercepts of communications known as ___.
Signals intelligence is intelligence-gathering done via intercepts of communications known as ___.
___ intelligence is the collection and analysis of publicly available information appearing in print or electronic form.
___ intelligence is the collection and analysis of publicly available information appearing in print or electronic form.
Measurement and signature intelligence is derived from data other than imagery and ___.
Measurement and signature intelligence is derived from data other than imagery and ___.
Traditional intelligence often involves collecting information on foreign countries to further foreign policy and national ___ goals.
Traditional intelligence often involves collecting information on foreign countries to further foreign policy and national ___ goals.
Threat intelligence teams often focus on using public, commercial, or in-house resources instead of ___ assets.
Threat intelligence teams often focus on using public, commercial, or in-house resources instead of ___ assets.
Free data associated with actor activity can be gathered through ___ source intelligence.
Free data associated with actor activity can be gathered through ___ source intelligence.
AFRINIC is the Regional Internet Registry for ______ and portions of the Indian Ocean.
AFRINIC is the Regional Internet Registry for ______ and portions of the Indian Ocean.
The mechanism responsible for associating domain names with their server's IP address is known as ______.
The mechanism responsible for associating domain names with their server's IP address is known as ______.
Zone transfers are used to replicate DNS server content across multiple ______.
Zone transfers are used to replicate DNS server content across multiple ______.
The default behavior of DNS servers is to accept any request for a full transfer from any ______.
The default behavior of DNS servers is to accept any request for a full transfer from any ______.
DNS tools like nslookup, host, and ______ are used to troubleshoot network problems.
DNS tools like nslookup, host, and ______ are used to troubleshoot network problems.
Protecting the network from DNS poisoning or spoofing requires restricting DNS ______.
Protecting the network from DNS poisoning or spoofing requires restricting DNS ______.
Authorized hosts should only be able to request full transfers using ______ control lists.
Authorized hosts should only be able to request full transfers using ______ control lists.
LACNIC is the Regional Internet Registry for Latin America and portions of the ______.
LACNIC is the Regional Internet Registry for Latin America and portions of the ______.
Social media sites are rich sources of threat data, providing useful artifacts during high-impact ______.
Social media sites are rich sources of threat data, providing useful artifacts during high-impact ______.
Profiling analyzes a target's preferences and patterns to identify likely ______.
Profiling analyzes a target's preferences and patterns to identify likely ______.
Attackers exploit careless or untrained employees through social engineering ______.
Attackers exploit careless or untrained employees through social engineering ______.
A recent OSINT gathering course was taught to a class in an allied ______.
A recent OSINT gathering course was taught to a class in an allied ______.
The author performed a superficial exercise and found considerable actionable ______.
The author performed a superficial exercise and found considerable actionable ______.
The registrant contact for Google Inc. is listed with the title of ______.
The registrant contact for Google Inc. is listed with the title of ______.
The tech contact for Google Inc. has a phone number of ______.
The tech contact for Google Inc. has a phone number of ______.
WHOIS is a tool that allows users to query information about registered domain ______.
WHOIS is a tool that allows users to query information about registered domain ______.
Private registration services may show the registrar's information instead of the ______ details.
Private registration services may show the registrar's information instead of the ______ details.
Job sites can be used for ______ gathering and job recruitment.
Job sites can be used for ______ gathering and job recruitment.
Attackers can automate the gathering of data about ______ to craft convincing phishing emails.
Attackers can automate the gathering of data about ______ to craft convincing phishing emails.
WHOIS is available in both command-line and ______ versions.
WHOIS is available in both command-line and ______ versions.
The email address for the DNS Admin at Google Inc. is ______.
The email address for the DNS Admin at Google Inc. is ______.
Closed source data is any data collected covertly or as a result of ______ access.
Closed source data is any data collected covertly or as a result of ______ access.
By establishing a baseline of normal activity, analysts can use historical incident ______ to improve awareness of emerging threats.
By establishing a baseline of normal activity, analysts can use historical incident ______ to improve awareness of emerging threats.
Closed source data tends to be of higher ______, allowing analysts to confidently verify findings.
Closed source data tends to be of higher ______, allowing analysts to confidently verify findings.
Many organizations prioritize external data over ______ threat data.
Many organizations prioritize external data over ______ threat data.
Using multiple sources reduces the effect of ______ bias.
Using multiple sources reduces the effect of ______ bias.
The Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) was developed by the UK government's National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre (NISCC) to improve threat information sharing among ______.
The Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) was developed by the UK government's National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre (NISCC) to improve threat information sharing among ______.
TLP:RED information is not for disclosure and is restricted to ______ only.
TLP:RED information is not for disclosure and is restricted to ______ only.
TLP:AMBER allows limited disclosure, restricted to participants' ______.
TLP:AMBER allows limited disclosure, restricted to participants' ______.
Recipients of TLP:GREEN information may share it with peers and partner organizations within the ______.
Recipients of TLP:GREEN information may share it with peers and partner organizations within the ______.
TLP:WHITE information has unlimited ______ and can be distributed without restriction.
TLP:WHITE information has unlimited ______ and can be distributed without restriction.
TLP designations help guide information sharing responsibly while protecting sensitive information ______.
TLP designations help guide information sharing responsibly while protecting sensitive information ______.
When information falls under TLP:RED, it is crucial that recipients do not share it with any parties outside the specific ______.
When information falls under TLP:RED, it is crucial that recipients do not share it with any parties outside the specific ______.
The Traffic Light Protocol utilizes color-coded ______ to guide information sharing.
The Traffic Light Protocol utilizes color-coded ______ to guide information sharing.
Organizations need to map acquired intelligence to specific aspects of their ______ profile.
Organizations need to map acquired intelligence to specific aspects of their ______ profile.
Timely intelligence is crucial for its value in ______-making.
Timely intelligence is crucial for its value in ______-making.
Accurate threat intelligence reduces ______ and enhances efficiency of the security team.
Accurate threat intelligence reduces ______ and enhances efficiency of the security team.
Internal network data often provides the most relevant threat ______.
Internal network data often provides the most relevant threat ______.
Good threat intelligence includes a clear description of the threat using ______ language.
Good threat intelligence includes a clear description of the threat using ______ language.
Threat analysts often use ______ sources to help them keep pace with security industry trends.
Threat analysts often use ______ sources to help them keep pace with security industry trends.
Adversaries prefer to acquire information about a target without directly ______ it.
Adversaries prefer to acquire information about a target without directly ______ it.
Passive reconnaissance is a process by which an adversary acquires information about a target network without directly ______ with it.
Passive reconnaissance is a process by which an adversary acquires information about a target network without directly ______ with it.
Google's vision is to organize all of the data in the world and make it ______ for everyone.
Google's vision is to organize all of the data in the world and make it ______ for everyone.
Many security analysts rely on publicly available data sets to perform research on common threat ______ and mitigating controls.
Many security analysts rely on publicly available data sets to perform research on common threat ______ and mitigating controls.
The operator [blank:] restricts search results to the specified domain or ______.
The operator [blank:] restricts search results to the specified domain or ______.
The operator [blank:] is used to find pages that contain a ______ to the indicated site or URL.
The operator [blank:] is used to find pages that contain a ______ to the indicated site or URL.
Using search queries, security researcher Johnny Long helped reveal vulnerable systems by exploiting Google’s ______ operators.
Using search queries, security researcher Johnny Long helped reveal vulnerable systems by exploiting Google’s ______ operators.
Google can help an attacker gather a remarkable amount of information about any individual, organization, or ______.
Google can help an attacker gather a remarkable amount of information about any individual, organization, or ______.
The operator [blank:] is used for searching files of a specific type, such as Excel spreadsheets.
The operator [blank:] is used for searching files of a specific type, such as Excel spreadsheets.
Flashcards
Threat Intelligence
Threat Intelligence
Actionable knowledge and insights into malicious actors and their activities, helping organizations reduce harm through better security decision-making.
Threat Data
Threat Data
Data about malicious activities, when contextualized, becomes threat intelligence.
Intelligence Cycle
Intelligence Cycle
Processes for gathering, analyzing, and disseminating threat intelligence.
Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)
Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)
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Cyber Threat Intelligence
Cyber Threat Intelligence
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Network Activity Insight
Network Activity Insight
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Modern Networks
Modern Networks
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Security Decision-Making
Security Decision-Making
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SIGINT
SIGINT
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HUMINT
HUMINT
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OSINT
OSINT
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MASINT
MASINT
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GEOINT
GEOINT
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All Source Intelligence
All Source Intelligence
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Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) use cases
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) use cases
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Intelligence Sources for Non-Government Groups
Intelligence Sources for Non-Government Groups
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Directory Listing
Directory Listing
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Google Cached Pages
Google Cached Pages
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Misconfigured Server
Misconfigured Server
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Internet Registries
Internet Registries
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Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
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Actionable Threat Intelligence
Actionable Threat Intelligence
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Passive Reconnaissance
Passive Reconnaissance
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Google Search Operators
Google Search Operators
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site: operator
site: operator
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inurl: operator
inurl: operator
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filetype: operator
filetype: operator
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intitle: operator
intitle: operator
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link: operator
link: operator
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cache: operator
cache: operator
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Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS)
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What does DNS do?
What does DNS do?
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Zone Transfer
Zone Transfer
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DNS Harvesting
DNS Harvesting
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Why is zone transfer a vulnerability?
Why is zone transfer a vulnerability?
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DNS Poisoning/Spoofing
DNS Poisoning/Spoofing
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Access Control Lists (ACLs)
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
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Social Media & Threat Data
Social Media & Threat Data
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Social Media Profiling
Social Media Profiling
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Social Engineering Attacks
Social Engineering Attacks
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OSINT in Action
OSINT in Action
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WHOIS
WHOIS
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Private Registration Services
Private Registration Services
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Job Sites Vulnerability
Job Sites Vulnerability
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Email Harvesting
Email Harvesting
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Incident Response
Incident Response
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Spammers and Attackers
Spammers and Attackers
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Network Engineer's Use of WHOIS
Network Engineer's Use of WHOIS
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Security Decision-Making with Threat Intelligence
Security Decision-Making with Threat Intelligence
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Closed-Source Intelligence
Closed-Source Intelligence
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Confirmation Bias
Confirmation Bias
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Why use multiple data sources?
Why use multiple data sources?
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Internal Network Threat Data
Internal Network Threat Data
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Handling Classified Data
Handling Classified Data
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Tailored Intelligence
Tailored Intelligence
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Intelligence Timeliness
Intelligence Timeliness
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Intelligence Accuracy
Intelligence Accuracy
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Internal Network Data
Internal Network Data
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Impact on Business
Impact on Business
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TLP:RED
TLP:RED
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TLP:AMBER
TLP:AMBER
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TLP:GREEN
TLP:GREEN
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TLP:WHITE
TLP:WHITE
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Traffic Light Protocol (TLP)
Traffic Light Protocol (TLP)
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What is the TLP designation for sharing information within the community but not publicly?
What is the TLP designation for sharing information within the community but not publicly?
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Shareable Information Levels
Shareable Information Levels
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When would you use a TLP:AMBER designation?
When would you use a TLP:AMBER designation?
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