Questions and Answers
Which protocol provides reliable communication and includes error checking?
What is the main characteristic of UDP?
What process is used by TCP for establishing a session?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of TCP?
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What does multiplexing allow in network communication?
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How are port numbers used in TCP and UDP?
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Which statement about UDP's error checking is true?
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What type of delivery does TCP ensure compared to UDP?
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What is the term used for the closing of a TCP connection?
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Which protocol is described as connection-oriented?
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Study Notes
Active Attacks
- Active attacks aim to access or modify information on a system.
- Examples include data breaches and unauthorized changes to data.
Threats & Risks
- Networks facilitate the exchange of sensitive information, e-commerce, and online banking.
- Network security is a shared responsibility among all users.
- Risk is determined by the formula: Risk = Vulnerability x Threats.
Risk Management
- Assess tolerance for outages and losses in time, data, and transactions.
- Focus on risks that impact business operations rather than solely IT.
- Requires a team effort, involving technical and physical controls, policies, and procedures.
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Risk Analysis
- Quantitative analysis: Easier to convey results; provides numerical data.
- Qualitative analysis: Quicker and more cost-effective; suggests starting with this approach for strategy development.
Working Fields in Egypt & Cybersecurity Careers
- Companies involved include software vendors (e.g., antivirus, firewalls) and system integrators.
- Roles in cybersecurity include:
- Technical Implementer: Installs hardware and software.
- Technical Support: Assists customers post-purchase.
- Security Seller: Markets security products and solutions.
- Security Architect/Consultant: Provides customized solutions for clients.
- Product Manager: Guides product development and marketing strategies.
Security Solutions
- Integrating various software and hardware from multiple vendors is often necessary.
- System Integrators serve as intermediaries, customizing solutions for clients based on their needs.
Governance and Regulatory Entities
- Organizations like NTRA and EGCERT establish cybersecurity policies and standards.
- Governance includes assessing risks associated with organizational activities and legal compliance.
Job Types in Cybersecurity
- Red Team (Penetration Testing): Conducts vulnerability assessments and security testing.
- Blue Team (Security Operations Center): Focuses on monitoring, intrusion detection, incident response, and digital forensics.
Essential Skills for Cybersecurity
- Understanding operating systems and networking concepts (routing, switching, OSI model).
- Proficiency in TCP/IP, encapsulation, and de-encapsulation processes.
Encapsulation and De-Encapsulation
- Data is encapsulated with headers for each layer (Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical) for transmission.
- De-encapsulation occurs as data moves through network layers, stripping headers to retrieve original data.
Application Layer
- Acts as an interface between applications and the network.
- Facilitates multiple concurrent communications by using segmentation and multiplexing techniques.
Transport Layer Protocols
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented, reliable communication, includes error checking and flow control.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless, best-effort delivery, with limited error checking.
TCP Process
- Three-way handshake establishes a TCP session, while a four-way handshake terminates it.
- Provides reliability and data recovery features.
UDP Characteristics
- Data is received without guaranteed order; there are no recovery features, making it suitable for time-sensitive applications.
- Due to its connectionless nature, it is faster but less reliable than TCP.
Port Management in TCP/UDP
- Both protocols use 16-bit source and destination port numbers to enable multiple simultaneous conversations within the transport layer.
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Description
Explore the various working fields related to cyber security jobs in Egypt, including software and hardware vendors. This quiz delves into the types of security software like antivirus and SIEM, and hardware solutions such as firewalls and intrusion prevention systems. Test your knowledge on the key components of the cyber security industry.
