Cyber Kill Chain Model Order

Cyber Kill Chain Model

• Correct order of steps: Reconnaissance, Weaponization, Delivery, Exploitation, Installation, Command and Control, Actions on Objectives

Bypassing Antivirus Detection

• Tool best suited: Veil-Evasion for modifying malware signatures to bypass antivirus detection

Proxy Chain Usage

• Primary purpose: Conceal the attacker's IP address during an attack

ARP Poisoning Attack

• Description: Altering ARP cache entries to intercept network traffic

Firewall State Detection

• Best method: Analyze packet responses and behavior over time to determine if a firewall is stateful or stateless

Bypassing Data Execution Prevention (DEP)

• Technique used: Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) to bypass modern DEP mechanisms

SQL Injection Vulnerability

• Type of vulnerability exploited by SQL injection: Input validation vulnerability

Least Secure Wireless Security Protocol

• Protocol to avoid: WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) considered the least secure

Payload for Persistent Connection

• Metasploit payload: Meterpreter allows an attacker to maintain a persistent connection on a compromised system

Purpose of "John the Ripper"

• Main objective: Password cracking tool used in cybersecurity

Buffer Overflow Attack Objective

• Primary purpose: To execute arbitrary code in a buffer overflow attack

Man-in-the-Middle Attack Protocol

• Protocol exploited: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for conducting a man-in-the-middle attack using a rogue DHCP server

Weak Encryption Algorithm

• Algorithm to avoid due to vulnerabilities: DES (Data Encryption Standard) known as weak encryption and should not be used

Primary Focus of Forensic Investigation

• Main objective: To trace the attacker's actions in a cyber incident during a forensic investigation

Linux Command for Immutable File Attributes

• Command used: chattr +i to set a file with immutable attributes preventing modifications even by root

Unauthorized Access Concealment Malware

• Type of malware: Rootkit used to provide unauthorized access to a system while concealing its presence

Web Application Firewall Mitigation

• Attack technique mitigated: SQL Injection using a Web Application Firewall (WAF)

Purpose of Burp Suite

• Main objective: Web application security testing tool commonly used for analyzing and testing web applications

Binary Functionality Understanding

• Analysis technique: Static analysis used to understand the functionality of a binary without executing it

Hiding Malicious Code in Images

• Commonly used technique: Steganography for hiding malicious code in images

Eavesdropping Vulnerable Protocol

• Protocol susceptible to eavesdropping attacks: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) due to lack of encryption

Virus vs. Worm

• Key difference: Worms do not require user interaction to spread, while viruses do

DNS Enumeration Tool

• Tool commonly used: Nslookup for performing DNS enumeration

Purpose of Ettercap

• Main function: Ettercap tool used for man-in-the-middle attacks in cybersecurity

SNMP Weakness Exploitation

• Attack leveraging SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Enumeration for leveraging weaknesses in SNMP

Protection Against SQL Injection

• Method used: Input validation as one way to protect against SQL injection attacks

OSI Model Routing Layer

• Responsible layer for routing packets: Network Layer in the OSI model

Automated Web Application Vulnerability Scanning

• Tool specifically designed: OWASP ZAP for automated web application vulnerability scanning

Phishing Site Creation

• Attack technique: Website cloning technique used to create a phishing site that looks identical to the legitimate site

DNS Zone Transfer Target

• Target of a DNS zone transfer attack: DNS records for gaining detailed information

Meterpreter Usage

• Metasploit payload: Meterpreter used for establishing a persistent connection on a compromised system

ASLR Bypassing Technique

• Technique used to bypass ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization): Return-Oriented Programming (ROP)

SNMP Weakness Exploitation

• Weakness in SNMP: Vulnerabilities in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) exploited with enumeration attacks

SQL Injection Mitigation

• Measure to protect against SQL injection attacks: Input validation helps in defending against SQL injection vulnerabilities

Cross-Site Scripting Protection

• Vulnerability mitigation: Content Security Policy (CSP) used to block Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks

IDS Evasion Technique

• Technique used for evading IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems): Packet fragmentation by splitting malicious payloads into smaller packets

Apache Struts Vulnerability

• CVE-2017-5638 vulnerability: Associated with remote code execution affecting Apache Struts and allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code

Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket

• Function of TGT in Kerberos: To provide service tickets for accessing network resources

WPS Weakness Exploitation

• Exploitation of weak WPS feature: Reaver attack to exploit vulnerabilities in the Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) protocol

MS17-010 Vulnerability Significance

• Impact of MS17-010 vulnerability: Enables remote code execution on Windows systems

Industrial Control System Targeting Malware

• Type of malware targeting industrial control systems: Stuxnet designed specifically for critical infrastructure systems

Content Security Policy Purpose

• Usage in web security: To block Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks as a primary purpose of Content Security Policy (CSP)

IDS Evasion Technique

• Evasion technique: Packet fragmentation technique involves altering the size of packets to bypass IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) detection

Authenticated Attack

• Rootkit allows attackers authenticated access with full administrative rights to perform unauthorized actions

Remote Execution in Wireless Networks

• EternalBlue exploit leveraging vulnerabilities in the SMB protocol to remotely execute code on target systemsHere are the study notes for the text:

Advanced Ethical Hacking Concepts

exploitation techniques

• Race Condition Exploitation: Triggering a race condition to gain unauthorized access
• Heap Spraying: Filling the heap with predictable data to execute arbitrary code
• Return-Oriented Programming (ROP): Subverting the control flow of a program by overwriting the return address of a function call
• Buffer Overflow: Manipulating the memory allocation behavior of an application to cause a heap overflow and execute arbitrary code
• Side-Channel Attack: Analyzing the physical implementation of a cryptosystem to extract sensitive data
• Fault Injection Attack: Inducing errors and analyzing their effects to compromise cryptographic systems
• Timing Attack: Measuring the time taken to execute cryptographic algorithms to compromise cryptographic systems

Cryptographic Attacks

• Rainbow Table Attack: Using precomputed hash values to crack passwords
• Birthday Attack: Exploiting the predictable nature of certain cryptographic algorithms to reduce the complexity of brute-force attacks
• Chosen-Plaintext Attack: Analyzing the encryption process to compromise cryptographic systems
• Differential Cryptanalysis: Analyzing the differences in the encryption process to compromise cryptographic systems

Hardware and Firmware Attacks

• Hardware Trojan: Modifying the microcode or firmware of a hardware device to perform malicious actions
• Firmware Reverse Engineering: Analyzing the firmware of a hardware device to extract sensitive data
• Side-Channel Attack: Analyzing the physical implementation of a cryptosystem to extract sensitive data
• Electromagnetic Eavesdropping: Using electromagnetic emissions to extract information from electronic devices

Malware and Ransomware

• Rootkit: Using sophisticated techniques to hide the presence of malware by intercepting and modifying system calls
• Ransomware: Encrypting data and demanding a ransom in exchange for the decryption key
• Polymorphic Malware: Changing its code structure on each infection to evade detection
• APTs (Advanced Persistent Threats): Using advanced evasion techniques to remain undetected and persist in a system for long periods

Vulnerabilities and Exploitation

• Spectre and Meltdown: Exploiting speculative execution and gaining access to sensitive data
• BlueKeep: Executing remote code on vulnerable RDP services
• Rowhammer: Flipping bits in adjacent memory rows to compromise system security
• Branch Target Injection: Manipulating the branch prediction feature of modern processors to execute arbitrary code### Malware and Attacks
• A logic bomb is a type of malware that executes a payload at a specific time or event.
• Polymorphic malware evades detection by modifying itself with each infection.
• Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts data and demands a ransom.

Cryptography and Exploitation

• Differential cryptanalysis is an attack that exploits vulnerabilities in cryptographic algorithms to deduce the key.
• Timing attacks analyze the time taken to perform cryptographic operations to extract sensitive data.
• Power analysis attacks analyze the power consumption patterns of a device to extract cryptographic keys.
• Fault injection involves injecting faults into a cryptographic device to gain access to sensitive information.

Exploitation Techniques

• Buffer overflow protection mechanisms like DEP and ASLR prevent the execution of injected code.
• Memory corruption attacks alter the normal execution flow of a program.
• Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) executes arbitrary code using existing code snippets.
• Heap spraying fills the heap with predictable data for exploitation.

Hardware and Firmware Attacks

• Hardware Trojans are malicious modifications to hardware devices that can execute arbitrary code.
• Firmware reverse engineering involves modifying the firmware of a device to perform malicious actions undetected.
• Rowhammer attacks induce bit flips in adjacent memory cells in DRAM memory exploitation.
• Electromagnetic eavesdropping involves analyzing electromagnetic emissions from electronic devices to extract sensitive information.

Security Testing

• Fuzz testing discovers vulnerabilities by inputting random data into a system.
• Code obfuscation makes code harder to understand and reverse engineer.