Cyber Attack Awareness
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Denial of service (DoS) attack is any type of attack that causes a complete or partial system ______.

outage

An attacker could send a maliciously formatted file to a server that causes it to ______.

overload

A DDoS attack is a DoS attack that comes from more than one source at the same ______.

time

The machines used in DDoS attacks are collectively known as ______.

<p>botnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to research, tens of millions of computers are likely to be infected with ______ programs worldwide.

<p>botnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

An attacker could send a large number of page requests to a web server in a short ______ of time, overloading it.

<p>space</p> Signup and view all the answers

A similar impact is observed with ticket sales websites where a spike in user demand can ______ systems.

<p>overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

Often, cyber attacks are not technical, but rather an exploitation of how humans interact with the system in a flawed and ______ way.

<p>vulnerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

In this lesson, we have selected common types of cyber attacks. This is a representative sample to provide you with a few illustrative examples, rather than a ______ list.

<p>comprehensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Let's examine these in ______ depth.

<p>greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roll-over the color-coded types of threats and ______.

<p>attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Go to the Fortinet Threat Map Screen shot of the online Fortinet Threat map showing ______ around the globe.

<p>attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Watch the attack details that scroll at the bottom of the screen. Figure out where most ______ are happening right now, before your eyes.

<p>attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

This is a sub-set of ______. Select . to view the legend of types of ______ displayed. Select i to learn more.

<p>data, attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Go to the Bitdefender Cyberthreat Real-Time Map Screen shot of the online Bitdefender Threat map showing ______ around the world.

<p>attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

View the live ______ happening across the map for the selected country locations.

<p>attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Check out the various instances of ______, threats, and attacks.

<p>spam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Notice that there is an 'attack country' and 'target country'. This is the end of the lesson.

Signup and view all the answers

Be sure to select the 'I've checked it out' box to take a mini quiz to check your understanding of this lesson.

Signup and view all the answers

You will be presented with three descriptions to then identify the correct type of ______ that it represents. This is required for lesson completion.

<p>cyber attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

the ______ barked

<p>dog</p> Signup and view all the answers

the ______ meowed

<p>cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ attack is the practice of sending messages that appear to be from trusted sources with the goal of gaining personal information or influencing users to do something. It combines social engineering and technical trickery. Unsuspecting users open the email and may provide protected information or download malware. EXAMPLE An attacker could send an email with a file attachment or a link to a fake website that loads malware onto a target's computer.

<p>Phishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ attacks are a very targeted type of phishing activity. Attackers take the time to conduct research into targets and create messages that are personal and relevant, and thus likely more effective. EXAMPLE An attacker collects a target's details from social media and calls the target pretending to be a representative from the bank. The attacker advises the account is compromised and asks the target to transfer money to a "safe" bank account. The attack is convincing because of the attacker's apparently legitimate knowledge.

<p>Spear phishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is a catch-all term for malicious software. It is any software designed to perform in a detrimental manner to a targeted user without the user's informed consent. It often triggers secretly when a user runs a program or downloads a file, which can often be unintentional. Once active, malware can block access to data and programs, steal information, and make systems inoperable. EXAMPLE Within the various types of malware, you will find examples related to their function, such as keyloggers (which captures a victim's keystrokes) or ransomware (which holds a victim's files captive in exchange for a ransom payment).

<p>Malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

A MitM attack occurs when hackers insert themselves in the communications between a client and a server. This allows hackers to see what’s being sent and received by both sides. EXAMPLE An attacker could set up a "free" WiFi hot spot in a popular public location. Anyone who connects to that WiFi network could have their communications examined by the attacker, who may redirect victims to fake log-in screens or insert advertisements over webpages.

<p>Man in the middle (MitM) attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNS is one of the core protocols used on the internet. Basically, the DNS protocol allows a computer to resolve a domain to an IP address, which allows a user to, for example, reach BMW’s main website by typing “bmw.com” instead of writing an IP address that is hard to remember. DNS is used almost everywhere. As a core protocol of the internet, lots of attack vectors directly target DNS, including DNS spoofing, domain hijacking, and cache poisoning (just to name a few). EXAMPLE In 2016, the DNS service provided by a company called Dyn was attacked. This resulted in major outages across most of the US, leaving millions of Americans unable to access or use internet services.

<p>Domain name system (DNS) attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

SQL allows users to query databases. SQL injection is the placement of malicious code in SQL queries, usually via web page input. A successful attack allows common commands to be run. This can include deleting the database itself. SQL injection is one of the most common web hacking techniques. EXAMPLE In the UK, two teenagers managed to target TalkTalk's website in 2015 to steal hundreds of thousands of customer records from a database that was remotely accessible.

<p>Structured query language (SQL) injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ person, organization, or country is immune to the dangers of cyber attacks.

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyber attacks are ______ in number and constantly evolving.

<p>increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ attacks on organizations are commonly reported in the news.

<p>DoS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phishing attacks are the most effective on a personal basis.

<p>phishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malware attacks are increasing in number and constantly evolving.

<p>malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a DoS attack?

<p>A DoS attack is any type of attack that causes a complete or partial system outage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a DoS attack.

<p>An attacker could send a maliciously formatted file to a server that causes it to overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a DDoS attack?

<p>A DDoS attack is a DoS attack that comes from more than one source at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a DDoS attack.

<p>An attacker could send a large number of page requests to a web server in a short space of time, overloading it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the machines collectively known as in DDoS attacks?

<p>The machines used in DDoS attacks are collectively known as 'botnets'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a MitM attack?

<p>A MitM attack occurs when hackers insert themselves in the communications between a client and a server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a MitM attack.

<p>An attacker could set up a 'free' WiFi hot spot in a popular public location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of phishing attacks?

<p>The goal of phishing attacks is to gain personal information or influence users to do something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a representative sample of types of cyber attacks?

<p>A representative sample of types of cyber attacks is provided to give illustrative examples, rather than a comprehensive list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are cyber attacks often carried out?

<p>Cyber attacks are often carried out by exploiting how humans interact with the system in a flawed and vulnerable way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a DDoS attack?

<p>To overwhelm a target system or network with a flood of internet traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a DoS attack and a DDoS attack?

<p>A DoS attack is carried out using a single source, while a DDoS attack is carried out using multiple sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phishing?

<p>The practice of sending messages that appear to be from trusted sources with the goal of gaining personal information or influencing users to do something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is malware?

<p>Malware is a catch-all term for malicious software that is designed to perform in a detrimental manner to a targeted user without the user's informed consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a MitM attack?

<p>A MitM (Man-in-the-Middle) attack occurs when hackers insert themselves in the communications between a client and a server, allowing them to intercept and manipulate the data being sent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is DNS?

<p>DNS (Domain Name System) is a core protocol used on the internet that allows a computer to resolve a domain name to an IP address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of DNS attacks?

<p>DNS spoofing, domain hijacking, and cache poisoning are examples of DNS attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a DoS attack?

<p>To disrupt or disable a target system or network by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a DoS attack and a DDoS attack?

<p>A DoS attack is carried out using a single source, while a DDoS attack is carried out using multiple sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of phishing attacks?

<p>The goal of phishing attacks is to gain personal information or influence users to take certain actions, such as providing sensitive information or downloading malware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phishing attack?

<p>A phishing attack is the practice of sending messages that appear to be from trusted sources with the goal of gaining personal information or influencing users to do something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a spear phishing attack?

<p>A spear phishing attack is a very targeted type of phishing activity where attackers conduct research into targets and create personal and relevant messages to increase effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is malware?

<p>Malware is a catch-all term for malicious software that is designed to perform in a detrimental manner to a targeted user without their informed consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Man in the Middle (MitM) attack?

<p>A Man in the Middle (MitM) attack occurs when hackers insert themselves in the communications between a client and a server to intercept and examine the sent and received data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a DNS attack?

<p>A DNS attack targets the domain name system and includes techniques such as DNS spoofing, domain hijacking, and cache poisoning to disrupt or manipulate the resolution of domain names.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an SQL injection attack?

<p>An SQL injection attack is the placement of malicious code in SQL queries, usually via web page input, to manipulate or gain unauthorized access to databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of cyber attacks impacting organizations and individuals today?

<p>Common types of cyber attacks impacting organizations and individuals today include DoS attacks, phishing attacks, and malware attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Kaspersky Cyberthreat Real-Time Map?

<p>The Kaspersky Cyberthreat Real-Time Map provides real-time visualizations and statistics of cyber attacks occurring around the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a DDoS attack?

<p>A DDoS attack is a distributed denial of service attack where multiple sources overwhelm a target with a flood of internet traffic, causing a disruption or outage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of cyber attacks on organizations and individuals?

<p>Cyber attacks can have significant impacts on organizations and individuals, including data breaches, financial losses, and disruption of services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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