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Cyanobacteria Reproduction and Genetics

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Questions and Answers

What are hormogonia?

Specialized structures for nitrogen fixation

Fragments of filamentous cyanobacteria that develop into new filaments (correct)

A type of spore formed during unfavorable conditions

Cells that undergo binary fission

How do heterocysts function in filamentous cyanobacteria?

They are specialized cells that allow for nitrogen fixation (correct)

They protect the cells from drought

They are responsible for asexual reproduction through fission

They enhance the motility of the filaments

In what way do akinetes contribute to the survival of cyanobacteria?

They fragment and develop into new filaments

They are specialized for photosynthesis

They allow survival during unfavorable conditions by resisting cold and drought (correct)

They reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions

What process involves bacteria transferring DNA through a conjugation bridge?

Conjugation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes transformation in bacteria?

Uptake of foreign DNA from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the way cyanobacteria reproduce asexually?

They can reproduce by binary fission and filament fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transduction in bacteria?

To introduce foreign DNA via viruses Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vegetative cells of cyanobacteria under unfavorable conditions?

They create akinetes for protection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Asexual Reproduction of Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are unicellular or filamentous, often surrounded by a gelatinous sheath.
Reproduction occurs through binary fission and spore formation.
Filaments can fragment at weak points or heterocysts.
Fragmentation creates short pieces called hormogonia, which develop into new filaments.
Hormogonia are surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Endospore Formation

Spores are formed when conditions become unfavorable.
The spore coat completely surrounds the DNA, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane.
The heat resistance is increased.
Spores remain dormant until conditions improve, then germinate and revive.

Genetic Recombination in Bacteria

Bacteria can undergo genetic recombination.
Genetic combinations can occur through conjugation, transformation, or transduction.
Conjugation involves direct contact and exchange of genetic material.
Transformation involves uptake of DNA from the environment.
Transduction is the transfer of genetic material by bacterial viruses (bacteriophages).

Heterocysts and Akinetes

Heterocysts are specialized cells in filaments that fix nitrogen.
Akinetes are enlarged, resistant, vegetative cells that form under unfavorable conditions.

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Description

This quiz explores the asexual reproduction processes of cyanobacteria, including binary fission and spore formation. It also covers genetic recombination methods such as conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Test your knowledge on the fascinating reproductive strategies and genetic mechanisms of these microorganisms.