Podcast
Questions and Answers
What symptom indicates a stroke is ongoing, as opposed to a complete stroke?
What symptom indicates a stroke is ongoing, as opposed to a complete stroke?
What characteristic sets apart a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)?
What characteristic sets apart a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)?
What is the main action needed for airway management after a stroke?
What is the main action needed for airway management after a stroke?
Which type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?
Which type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?
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What is one common potential adverse effect of beta-adrenergic blockers related to diabetes management?
What is one common potential adverse effect of beta-adrenergic blockers related to diabetes management?
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What dietary change can help manage adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
What dietary change can help manage adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
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What is the time frame for administering TPA for it to be effective in a stroke?
What is the time frame for administering TPA for it to be effective in a stroke?
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What teaching point should be emphasized for patients prescribed Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker?
What teaching point should be emphasized for patients prescribed Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker?
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Study Notes
CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) - Injury Location and Symptoms
- Left-Side Brain Injury: Often associated with language/communication difficulties.
- Right-Side Brain Injury: Different symptom presentations, often affecting spatial awareness/perception.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- TIAs are temporary, resolving usually within 24 hours.
- They act as a crucial warning sign for potential full-blown CVAs.
Coumadin/Warfarin in CVA Treatment
- Coumadin/Warfarin is an anticoagulant, used to prevent blood clots.
CVA Types
-
Ischemic Stroke (87%): Caused by blocked blood vessels.
- Embolic Stroke: Blood clot forms elsewhere and travels to block a brain artery.
- Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms directly within a brain artery.
-
Hemorrhagic Stroke (13%): Caused by bleeding in the brain.
- Intracerebral: Bleeding occurs within the brain's tissue.
- Subarachnoid: Bleeding occurs between the arachnoid and pia mater layers.
Complete Stroke
- A "complete stroke" means no further neurological damage is occurring, and vital signs are stabilizing.
Priority Nursing Considerations After CVA
- Airway clearance is the immediate priority.
Stroke Stages
- Acute Phase (Stroke in Evolution): Ongoing brain damage. Reduced vision on the opposite side needs special attention.
- Rehab Phase (Complete Stroke): Damage is stabilized. Focus shifts to regaining abilities affected by the event. This includes teaching patients to use affected sides with deficits in function.
TPA Administration in CVA
- Effective time window for administering TPA is 3 hours from symptom onset.
Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine) Administration
- Vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) should be checked before administering. Monitor closely and adjust as needed.
Loop Diuretics and Dietary Management
- Loop diuretics can cause potassium loss.
- Emphasize potassium-rich foods in the diet (bananas, spinach, potatoes).
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Adverse Effects and Diabetes Management
- Potential adverse effects include: Hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension.
- Monitor blood glucose control closely. Potential increased fall risk.
Verapamil (Calcium Channel Blocker) Patient Teaching
- Patients should check their pulse before taking the medication.
- Potential orthostatic hypotension should be monitored and addressed.
ACE Inhibitors and Reduced Immunity
- ACE inhibitors (end in "-prile") can affect immune function.
- Monitor for signs of reduced immunity and schedule follow-up blood tests, focusing on neutrophil counts.
Salt Substitutes in Sodium-Restricted Diets:
- Garlic is a suitable salt substitute option.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA), including injury locations, symptoms, and types of strokes. Learn about treatment options such as Coumadin/Warfarin and delve into ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Test your knowledge on this critical health topic.
