Podcast
Questions and Answers
What symptom indicates a stroke is ongoing, as opposed to a complete stroke?
What symptom indicates a stroke is ongoing, as opposed to a complete stroke?
- Unresolved neurological deficits (correct)
- Absence of headache
- Vital signs returning to normal
- Stable blood pressure
What characteristic sets apart a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)?
What characteristic sets apart a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)?
- It causes permanent brain damage
- It is irreversible
- It serves as a warning sign for potential full strokes (correct)
- Symptoms last longer than 24 hours
What is the main action needed for airway management after a stroke?
What is the main action needed for airway management after a stroke?
- Administer oxygen immediately
- Monitor vital signs frequently
- Clear the airway as a priority (correct)
- Ensure patient is in a supine position
Which type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?
Which type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?
What is one common potential adverse effect of beta-adrenergic blockers related to diabetes management?
What is one common potential adverse effect of beta-adrenergic blockers related to diabetes management?
What dietary change can help manage adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
What dietary change can help manage adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
What is the time frame for administering TPA for it to be effective in a stroke?
What is the time frame for administering TPA for it to be effective in a stroke?
What teaching point should be emphasized for patients prescribed Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker?
What teaching point should be emphasized for patients prescribed Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker?
Flashcards
Thrombotic Stroke
Thrombotic Stroke
A blood clot forms directly in a brain artery, blocking blood flow.
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
Temporary neurological dysfunction caused by a brief interruption of blood flow to the brain, usually resolving within 24 hours.
Coumadin/Warfarin
Coumadin/Warfarin
A medication that reduces blood clotting, prescribed to decrease the risk of stroke in individuals with a history of clots.
Complete Stroke
Complete Stroke
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Hemorrhagic Stroke
Hemorrhagic Stroke
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Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine)
Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine)
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Stroke in Evolution
Stroke in Evolution
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TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
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Study Notes
CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) - Injury Location and Symptoms
- Left-Side Brain Injury: Often associated with language/communication difficulties.
- Right-Side Brain Injury: Different symptom presentations, often affecting spatial awareness/perception.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- TIAs are temporary, resolving usually within 24 hours.
- They act as a crucial warning sign for potential full-blown CVAs.
Coumadin/Warfarin in CVA Treatment
- Coumadin/Warfarin is an anticoagulant, used to prevent blood clots.
CVA Types
- Ischemic Stroke (87%): Caused by blocked blood vessels.
- Embolic Stroke: Blood clot forms elsewhere and travels to block a brain artery.
- Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms directly within a brain artery.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke (13%): Caused by bleeding in the brain.
- Intracerebral: Bleeding occurs within the brain's tissue.
- Subarachnoid: Bleeding occurs between the arachnoid and pia mater layers.
Complete Stroke
- A "complete stroke" means no further neurological damage is occurring, and vital signs are stabilizing.
Priority Nursing Considerations After CVA
- Airway clearance is the immediate priority.
Stroke Stages
- Acute Phase (Stroke in Evolution): Ongoing brain damage. Reduced vision on the opposite side needs special attention.
- Rehab Phase (Complete Stroke): Damage is stabilized. Focus shifts to regaining abilities affected by the event. This includes teaching patients to use affected sides with deficits in function.
TPA Administration in CVA
- Effective time window for administering TPA is 3 hours from symptom onset.
Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine) Administration
- Vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) should be checked before administering. Monitor closely and adjust as needed.
Loop Diuretics and Dietary Management
- Loop diuretics can cause potassium loss.
- Emphasize potassium-rich foods in the diet (bananas, spinach, potatoes).
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Adverse Effects and Diabetes Management
- Potential adverse effects include: Hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension.
- Monitor blood glucose control closely. Potential increased fall risk.
Verapamil (Calcium Channel Blocker) Patient Teaching
- Patients should check their pulse before taking the medication.
- Potential orthostatic hypotension should be monitored and addressed.
ACE Inhibitors and Reduced Immunity
- ACE inhibitors (end in "-prile") can affect immune function.
- Monitor for signs of reduced immunity and schedule follow-up blood tests, focusing on neutrophil counts.
Salt Substitutes in Sodium-Restricted Diets:
- Garlic is a suitable salt substitute option.
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