CVA and TIA Overview

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Questions and Answers

What symptom indicates a stroke is ongoing, as opposed to a complete stroke?

  • Unresolved neurological deficits (correct)
  • Absence of headache
  • Vital signs returning to normal
  • Stable blood pressure

What characteristic sets apart a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)?

  • It causes permanent brain damage
  • It is irreversible
  • It serves as a warning sign for potential full strokes (correct)
  • Symptoms last longer than 24 hours

What is the main action needed for airway management after a stroke?

  • Administer oxygen immediately
  • Monitor vital signs frequently
  • Clear the airway as a priority (correct)
  • Ensure patient is in a supine position

Which type of stroke accounts for the majority of cases?

<p>Ischemic Stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common potential adverse effect of beta-adrenergic blockers related to diabetes management?

<p>Hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary change can help manage adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?

<p>Eat foods rich in potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame for administering TPA for it to be effective in a stroke?

<p>3 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What teaching point should be emphasized for patients prescribed Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker?

<p>Check vital signs regularly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thrombotic Stroke

A blood clot forms directly in a brain artery, blocking blood flow.

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

Temporary neurological dysfunction caused by a brief interruption of blood flow to the brain, usually resolving within 24 hours.

Coumadin/Warfarin

A medication that reduces blood clotting, prescribed to decrease the risk of stroke in individuals with a history of clots.

Complete Stroke

A stroke where the neurological damage has stopped progressing and vital signs are returning to normal.

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Hemorrhagic Stroke

A type of stroke that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and bleeds into surrounding brain tissue.

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Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine)

A medication that blocks calcium channels, used to reduce muscle spasms and improve blood flow in the brain after a stroke.

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Stroke in Evolution

A stroke where the neurological damage is still ongoing.

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TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

A drug that dissolves blood clots, used in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.

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Study Notes

CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) - Injury Location and Symptoms

  • Left-Side Brain Injury: Often associated with language/communication difficulties.
  • Right-Side Brain Injury: Different symptom presentations, often affecting spatial awareness/perception.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

  • TIAs are temporary, resolving usually within 24 hours.
  • They act as a crucial warning sign for potential full-blown CVAs.

Coumadin/Warfarin in CVA Treatment

  • Coumadin/Warfarin is an anticoagulant, used to prevent blood clots.

CVA Types

  • Ischemic Stroke (87%): Caused by blocked blood vessels.
    • Embolic Stroke: Blood clot forms elsewhere and travels to block a brain artery.
    • Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms directly within a brain artery.
  • Hemorrhagic Stroke (13%): Caused by bleeding in the brain.
    • Intracerebral: Bleeding occurs within the brain's tissue.
    • Subarachnoid: Bleeding occurs between the arachnoid and pia mater layers.

Complete Stroke

  • A "complete stroke" means no further neurological damage is occurring, and vital signs are stabilizing.

Priority Nursing Considerations After CVA

  • Airway clearance is the immediate priority.

Stroke Stages

  • Acute Phase (Stroke in Evolution): Ongoing brain damage. Reduced vision on the opposite side needs special attention.
  • Rehab Phase (Complete Stroke): Damage is stabilized. Focus shifts to regaining abilities affected by the event. This includes teaching patients to use affected sides with deficits in function.

TPA Administration in CVA

  • Effective time window for administering TPA is 3 hours from symptom onset.

Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine) Administration

  • Vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) should be checked before administering. Monitor closely and adjust as needed.

Loop Diuretics and Dietary Management

  • Loop diuretics can cause potassium loss.
  • Emphasize potassium-rich foods in the diet (bananas, spinach, potatoes).

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Adverse Effects and Diabetes Management

  • Potential adverse effects include: Hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension.
  • Monitor blood glucose control closely. Potential increased fall risk.

Verapamil (Calcium Channel Blocker) Patient Teaching

  • Patients should check their pulse before taking the medication.
  • Potential orthostatic hypotension should be monitored and addressed.

ACE Inhibitors and Reduced Immunity

  • ACE inhibitors (end in "-prile") can affect immune function.
  • Monitor for signs of reduced immunity and schedule follow-up blood tests, focusing on neutrophil counts.

Salt Substitutes in Sodium-Restricted Diets:

  • Garlic is a suitable salt substitute option.

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