203 Theme 1 Practice KT Questions - 1

The alternative complement pathway is activated by ..............

A patient deficient of complement component C4 is most likely to develop ............

Opsonisation is a process by which ...........

Hereditary Angiodema is associated with a deficiency in which complement inhibitor?

Why is mannose binding lectin not activated by mannose antigens on host cells?

Innate immune memory is a result of .........

In the alternative complement cascade which protein extends the half life of the C3 convertase?

Which complement receptor aids in the clearance of immune complexes?

Which immunoglobulin can most efficiently activate the classical complement pathway?

What is an antibacterial action of defensins?

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the innate immune response?

Which complement pathways lead to the formation of the membrane attack complex?

Why is free serum IgM unable to activate the complement component C1?

C-reactive protein is a member of which family of proteins?

How many Fc domains must be bound by C1 to activate the complement cascade?

Lysozyme.............

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is linked to a mutation in which TLR adaptor protein?

What type of crystal activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in gout patients?

Patients with a gain of function mutation of the cytosolic DNA sensor STING produce too much of which cytokine?

Pattern recognition receptors recognise PAMPs. What is PAMP an abreviation for?

Which TLR dificency is associated with recurrent herpes simplex encephalitis?

Which complex of proteins assemble to form the NLRP3 inflammasome?

Which type of cell death leads to neutrophils releasing their chromatin trapping microorganisms?

Which pattern recognition receptor has been associated with Crohn's disease?

The pattern recognition receptor TLR9 is activated by which ligand?

Which intracellular receptor is activated by peptidoglycan?

The acute phase response is associated with...........

Muckle Wells syndrome is associated with overproduction of which cytokine?

Name a pattern recognition receptor expressed at the cell surface.

Which toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein is used by all TLRs except TLR3?

Which cytokine is processed to its mature form upon activation of the inflammasome?

Which of the following statements about acute stress and immune function is correct?

Which of the following statements about chronic stress and immune function is correct?

Which of the following statements about coping and stress is correct?

Which of the following statements about social support and immune function is correct?

Which of the following statements about negative affect and immune function is correct?

Which of the following statements about positive affect and immune function is NOT correct?

What initiates the Classical pathway of the complement cascade?

Which of the following activates the Lectin pathway in the complement cascade?

What is the initiating event for the Alternative pathway of the complement cascade?

In addition to the clearance of immune complexes, which outcome is associated with the activation of the complement cascade?

Apart from defensins, which family of antimicrobial peptides is found in humans?

Which acute phase protein is NOT measured as a clinical marker of inflammation?

Why do T cells need to work with antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

What are the two possible pathways for antigen processing

What is the genetic process that creates diversity in the adaptive immune cell repertoire, and which enzymes are involved in this process?

What is meant by the term immune tolerance?

What is an advantage of live-attenuated vaccines compared to killed vaccines?

What is the role of serum protein properdin in the complement system?

What initiates the Lectin pathway of the complement cascade?

Which immunoglobulin can efficiently activate the lectin pathway in complement activation?

In the lectin pathway, what is the function of MBL-associated serine proteases?

What is the main function of serum protein properdin in the complement system?

What are the TWO isotypes of immunoglobulin expressed by naïve B cells?

Which process involves naïve B cells switching from IgM to IgD expression?

What is the primary role of IgD in the immune system?

Outline the TWO major steps that take place in the thymus that lead to central T cell tolerance.

What is NOT a mechanism by which peripheral T cell tolerance is achieved?

Regarding vaccination, match the following

What is NOT an example of autoimmune diseases where the pathogenesis is definitely directly mediated by a pathogenic antibody.

What is NOT a proven strategy for preventing HIV infection.

What is NOT a acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses

Define the term primary immunodeficiency

Which molecule is required for somatic recombination events between V(D)J segments that produce T and B cell receptors. Absence means no T and no B cells, no adaptive immunity

A child known to be nut-allergic suffers systemic anaphylaxis after inadvertent ingestion of peanuts and develops facial angioedema and low blood pressure. What is the order of the key immunological events that underlie this episode, beginning with exposure to the allergen at the outset of this event and ending with the onset of symptoms?

Why is cross-matching a necessary precaution before transplanting a solid organ into a patient?

Why is HLA-matching not a requirement for liver transplantation?

A 23-year-old man is advised to take ibuprofen after a minor injury.

To which class of drugs does ibuprofen belong?

What is NOT an example of the same class of drug as ibuprofen

What is NOT an important side-effect and/or toxicities of ibuprofen when used at standard doses?

Name the two types of immunoglobulin that naïve B-cells express on their surface

Which of the following statements is the most accurate to define immunological tolerance?

10. A patient presents to the Emergency Department with the appearances below. She has experienced this every 1-2 years for 30 years; she has been told that she’s reacting to something, but it’s not clear what. She has a long history of unexplained episodes of abdominal pain. Which treatment is most likely to improve her acute symptoms?

13. A researcher sets up an experiment to determine whether people with long covid may have anti-interferon gamma antibodies in their blood. Briefly: blood samples from participants are spun and serum collected. 100 microlitres of serum is then added to the pre-coated ELISA test wells. Bound antibody is detected using a secondary detection antibody. The diagram below illustrates this experimental system. What does the arrow point to?

14. As part of the natural course of HIV infection (untreated), what is the usual order of changes to CD4 and CD8 T-cells counts, and viral load in the blood during the early phase after infection (weeks to months)

A 6 month old infant has been developing well and has no significant infection history to date. There is no family history of infection. He presents with skin infection, and a junior doctor requests analysis of his blood for circulating levels of the IgG, A and M. The junior doctor is concerned about the results and asks for senior advice. What is the most likely interpretation? IgG 1 g/ L (normal range 1.5 to 6.3 g/ L) (low) IgA <0.1 g/ L (normal range 0 to 0.8 g/ L) (within range) IgM 1 g/ L (normal range 0 to 1.45g/ L) (within range)

Which of the following T cell subsets are important for triggering or maintaining inflammation in chronic inflammatory disease?

Exogenous antigens are broken down by what type of enzymes in the phagolysosome?

Rejection of a kidney transplant may occur at different times after transplantation. What is a feature of chronic rejection?

What is a likely feature of tumour cells within an advanced secondary tumour?

Which toll-like receptor (TLR) is activated by DNA?

Regarding T cell central tolerance in the thymus, what is the function of ‘negative selection’?The selection of:

What is a central role of Peyer’s patches?

Allergic diseases are found at increased frequency in higher-income countries. Which explanation is considered to provide the best explanation for this observation?

According to Lazarus & Folman’s (1984) transactional model, when do people experience stress?