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Curriculum innovation only refers to planned changes within an educational system.
Curriculum innovation only refers to planned changes within an educational system.
False
According to Michael Fullan, one of the core changes in educational context is the introduction of new curriculum materials.
According to Michael Fullan, one of the core changes in educational context is the introduction of new curriculum materials.
True
A standards-based curriculum does not provide flexibility in designing courses.
A standards-based curriculum does not provide flexibility in designing courses.
False
Knowledge standards encompass the attitudes and values that should be nurtured in students.
Knowledge standards encompass the attitudes and values that should be nurtured in students.
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Educators act as change agents in the context of curriculum innovations.
Educators act as change agents in the context of curriculum innovations.
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The primary goal of multicultural curriculum is to enhance cultural literacy and understanding among educators only.
The primary goal of multicultural curriculum is to enhance cultural literacy and understanding among educators only.
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Skills standards focus on themes and concepts students should learn throughout their education.
Skills standards focus on themes and concepts students should learn throughout their education.
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Curriculum innovation contributes positively to the education system by improving its effectiveness.
Curriculum innovation contributes positively to the education system by improving its effectiveness.
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Content Integration involves using similar cultural examples to illustrate key concepts in subjects.
Content Integration involves using similar cultural examples to illustrate key concepts in subjects.
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One of the goals of a multicultural curriculum is to combat forms of prejudice and discrimination.
One of the goals of a multicultural curriculum is to combat forms of prejudice and discrimination.
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Empowering School Culture aims at ensuring quality education for all racial, ethnic, and gender groups.
Empowering School Culture aims at ensuring quality education for all racial, ethnic, and gender groups.
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The Indigenous Curriculum disregards integrating indigenous knowledge systems into the existing curriculum.
The Indigenous Curriculum disregards integrating indigenous knowledge systems into the existing curriculum.
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Using the local language as the medium of instruction is a strategy in developing an Indigenous Curriculum.
Using the local language as the medium of instruction is a strategy in developing an Indigenous Curriculum.
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Prejudice Reduction focuses exclusively on academic success for diverse learners.
Prejudice Reduction focuses exclusively on academic success for diverse learners.
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Strengthening intercultural competence is not considered important in a multicultural curriculum.
Strengthening intercultural competence is not considered important in a multicultural curriculum.
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Integrating content that reflects learners' culture and history is a strategy in Indigenous Curriculum development.
Integrating content that reflects learners' culture and history is a strategy in Indigenous Curriculum development.
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The brain operates as a standalone system, separate from physiology and emotions.
The brain operates as a standalone system, separate from physiology and emotions.
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Emotions have a significant impact on the learning processes according to brain-based education principles.
Emotions have a significant impact on the learning processes according to brain-based education principles.
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According to brain research, learning is solely an individual process that is unaffected by environmental interactions.
According to brain research, learning is solely an individual process that is unaffected by environmental interactions.
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The Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM) was developed to specifically support gifted learners while providing enrichment opportunities for all students.
The Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM) was developed to specifically support gifted learners while providing enrichment opportunities for all students.
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Renzulli and Reis are known advocates of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM).
Renzulli and Reis are known advocates of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM).
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Caine and Caine suggest that brains exist in isolation and do not relate to culture.
Caine and Caine suggest that brains exist in isolation and do not relate to culture.
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The core curriculum refers to the nature of knowledge embedded within different disciplines.
The core curriculum refers to the nature of knowledge embedded within different disciplines.
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Parallel learning paths in the curriculum ensure that all students are challenged according to their abilities and interests.
Parallel learning paths in the curriculum ensure that all students are challenged according to their abilities and interests.
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The Curriculum of Connection emphasizes the integration of knowledge across various disciplines.
The Curriculum of Connection emphasizes the integration of knowledge across various disciplines.
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The Autonomous Learner Model includes five dimensions, one of which is communication.
The Autonomous Learner Model includes five dimensions, one of which is communication.
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Betts identified three levels of curricular offerings: Prescribed, Differentiated, and Learner-Differentiated Options.
Betts identified three levels of curricular offerings: Prescribed, Differentiated, and Learner-Differentiated Options.
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Differentiation in education is meant to make curriculum static and uniform for all learners.
Differentiation in education is meant to make curriculum static and uniform for all learners.
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The Issues/Themes Dimension organizes instruction around specific, individual subjects.
The Issues/Themes Dimension organizes instruction around specific, individual subjects.
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The Curriculum of Identity pertains to the values and goals of both learners and professional practitioners.
The Curriculum of Identity pertains to the values and goals of both learners and professional practitioners.
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The program for gifted children in Japan was designed to provide avant-garde experiences only in mathematics.
The program for gifted children in Japan was designed to provide avant-garde experiences only in mathematics.
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An OBE curriculum is solely focused on teaching methodologies without considering desired outcomes.
An OBE curriculum is solely focused on teaching methodologies without considering desired outcomes.
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One of the major dimensions of the Autonomous Learner Model is Enrichment Activities.
One of the major dimensions of the Autonomous Learner Model is Enrichment Activities.
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The faculty must develop course competencies that reflect the nature and objectives of the courses.
The faculty must develop course competencies that reflect the nature and objectives of the courses.
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A curriculum map is unnecessary for aligning program outcomes with specific courses in a degree program.
A curriculum map is unnecessary for aligning program outcomes with specific courses in a degree program.
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High expectations in an educational framework involve setting rigorous achievement standards for all students.
High expectations in an educational framework involve setting rigorous achievement standards for all students.
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The institutional outcome of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) helps define its identity and influences program design.
The institutional outcome of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) helps define its identity and influences program design.
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In OBE, shifting from teaching to learning emphasizes the importance of student-centered education.
In OBE, shifting from teaching to learning emphasizes the importance of student-centered education.
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Outcome-based education does not require analysis of the needs and demands of society.
Outcome-based education does not require analysis of the needs and demands of society.
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A spiral progression in curriculum design ignores the vertical and horizontal organization of a curriculum.
A spiral progression in curriculum design ignores the vertical and horizontal organization of a curriculum.
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There are five steps in planning differentiated learning.
There are five steps in planning differentiated learning.
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Technology integration helps to break geographical barriers in education.
Technology integration helps to break geographical barriers in education.
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ICT literacy is becoming less important for learners in the current educational landscape.
ICT literacy is becoming less important for learners in the current educational landscape.
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Outcome-Based Education (OBE) focuses on what students can do after instruction.
Outcome-Based Education (OBE) focuses on what students can do after instruction.
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The Traditional/Transitional Approach emphasizes long-term cross-curricular outcomes.
The Traditional/Transitional Approach emphasizes long-term cross-curricular outcomes.
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The clarity of focus ensures that educational activities align with intended learning outcomes.
The clarity of focus ensures that educational activities align with intended learning outcomes.
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Online libraries and e-books are examples of innovations influenced by technology integration.
Online libraries and e-books are examples of innovations influenced by technology integration.
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Robert Mager's guidelines for writing learning outcomes include the expected performance, conditions, and methods for teaching.
Robert Mager's guidelines for writing learning outcomes include the expected performance, conditions, and methods for teaching.
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Study Notes
Chapter 7: Curriculum Innovation
- This chapter discusses curriculum innovation at various educational levels (preschool to tertiary).
- Key objectives include defining curriculum innovation, analyzing different types, and appreciating their educational contributions.
Curriculum Innovation
- Curriculum innovation involves adopting new ideas, practices, or objects within an educational system to improve effectiveness and efficiency.
- It encompasses new knowledge about curriculum, theories, practices, and designs, emerging from educational and academic research.
- Curriculum innovation is often linked to (but not always necessarily planned) curriculum changes.
Core Changes in Educational Context
- Michael Fullan (1989) highlighted four core changes shaping curriculum innovation:
- Changes in school structure (grouping/organization).
- Introduction of new curriculum materials.
- Modifications in teaching practices (activities, skills, behaviours).
- Shifting beliefs and understandings about curriculum and learning.
Change Agents
- Educators are the central figures behind these innovations, acting as change agents with expertise and a deep understanding of pedagogy and the school system.
Types of Curriculum Innovation
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A. Standards-Based Curriculum:
- This framework focuses on content standards established by experts.
- Defines what students should know and be able to do.
- Three key aspects include: Knowledge Standards, Skills Standards, and Dispositions.
- Knowledge Standards: Themes and concepts throughout education.
- Skills Standards: Thinking and process skills developed.
- Dispositions: Attitudes and values nurtured.
- Benefits include ensuring educational quality, a framework for instructional delivery, and creative teaching methods.
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B. Multicultural Curriculum:
- Aims to promote cultural literacy and understanding among students.
- Schools use various strategies and approaches to develop cultural literacy and support cultural understanding.
- Banks (1994) identified five dimensions of multicultural curriculum implementation: Content Integration, Knowledge Construction, Prejudice Reduction, Equity Pedagogy and Empowering School Culture.
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C. Indigenous Curriculum:
- Developed to make curriculum relevant and responsive to the needs of indigenous peoples.
- Curriculum is linked to society's culture and history.
- Emphasis on integrating indigenous knowledge systems into the existing curriculum.
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A framework for Indigenous Curriculum development includes: Constructing knowledge based on personal experiences and cultural context. Using instructional strategies that promote success for diverse cultures. Integrating content that reflects learners' culture, history, traditions. Utilizing community resources in curriculum development. Specific strategies to implement at the school level include: Integrating content and activities that reflect learners' culture, history, and traditions. Using the local language as the medium of instruction for certain subjects. Involving community members and teachers in curriculum development. Utilizing community resources for curriculum development.
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D. Brain-Based Education:
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Prominent advocates (e.g., Caine & Caine, 1997) use brain-mind learning principles to inform curriculum and instruction.
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Applying research findings to design learner-centered curriculum.
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Key principles include the brain as an integrated whole, the environment's role in learning, the integral role of emotions in learning, and focused and peripheral attention in the learning process.
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Resnick (1987) emphasized that learners learn more by approaching problems through various perspectives and methods; brain learning is most effective with a multifaceted approach, not one fixed way. Caine and Caine (1991) further highlight the brain's function to seek patterns in new learning.
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Brain-based education influences curriculum development, highlighting that brains are culturally embedded.
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E. Gifted Education Curriculum:
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Designed to address the needs of gifted learners and develop their potential.
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Encourages specialized experiences that challenge and engage learners.
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Common objectives include nurturing potential, providing differentiated learning experiences aligned with diverse abilities.
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E.1 Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM):
- A comprehensive approach for providing enrichment opportunities for all learners, focusing on gifted learner needs.
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E.2 Parallel Curriculum Model:
- Focuses on offering parallel learning paths aligned with students' varied abilities and interests.
-E.3 Autonomous Learner Model: - Aims to promote growth towards independent and self-directed learning in gifted learners. The model encompasses three levels of instruction: Prescribed, Differentiated and Learner-differentiated options.
- Focuses on offering parallel learning paths aligned with students' varied abilities and interests.
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E.4 Integrated Curriculum Model:
- Integrates subject matters, encouraging learners to view knowledge interdependently. Key dimensions identified in implementation include an advanced content dimension based on collaborative learning, a process/product dimension that applies learning to real world problems, and the organization of instruction about key themes that integrate subject matter.
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E.5 Kids Academia Model:
- Provides advanced science experiences for gifted children, implementing rigorous selection via a specialist checklist.
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F. Differentiated Curriculum:
- Differentiation is a philosophy for reaching diverse learners' needs in classrooms.
- A curriculum that emphasizes learning that is learner-centered and dynamic, thereby enabling teachers to adjust curriculum based on the nature and needs of learners.
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G. Technology Integration in the Curriculum:
- Technology improves teaching and learning in education.
- Includes distance education, online libraries and portals, computer-assisted instruction, online learning, teleconferencing, webinars, online journals and e-books.
- Fosters ICT literacy and allows for discovering and sharing information globally.
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H. Outcomes-Based Education (OBE):
- Focuses on expected competencies and outcomes of students from completion of a course or program, rather than the teaching materials taught.
- Connects critical elements of the curriculum including the intended lessons and learning experiences, and assessment tools, with clear levels for defining outcomes.
- OBE has two recognized approaches, traditional/transitional and transformational; the former emphasizing student mastery of individual subjects whereas the latter focuses on long-term, cross-curricular outcomes and future life roles.
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OBE principles: Clarity of Focus, Designing Backwards, High Expectations, Expanded Opportunities. OBE is needs driven and outcomes driven, employing design down models by establishing outcomes first and fitting the curriculum to the outcomes.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of curriculum innovation, multicultural education, and the role of educators as change agents. It covers various aspects including standards-based curricula and content integration. Test your knowledge on how these elements contribute to enhancing the educational system.
