Curriculum Development Phases

Phases of Curriculum Development

• Planning: considers needs of learners, achievable goals, content selection, motivation, strategies, and process to measure learning outcomes
• Organization: involves decisions on grade placement and sequencing of content
• Implementation: requires teachers to implement planned curriculum
• Evaluation: matches objectives with learning outcomes

Curriculum Design

• Subject-centered design: educators provide subject matter, easy to deliver with complementary materials
• Learner-centered design: considers individual needs, interests, and goals
• Problem-centered design: draws on social problems, needs, and abilities of learners

Backward Design

• Stage 1: Identifying Results/Desired Outcomes
  • Content/Performance standard
  • Essential understanding
  • Objectives-KSA
  • Essential Question
• Stage 2: Defining Acceptable Evidence/Assessment
  • Assessment-Product
  • Performance
  • Assessment criteria/tools
  • Six facets of understanding (e.g., Explain, Interpret, Apply, Perspective, Empathy, Self-knowledge)
• Stage 3: Learning Plan/Instruction
  • Explore
  • Firm up
  • Deepen
  • Transfer

K-12 Curriculum

• Universal Kindergarten
• Contextualization & Enhancement
• Spiral Progression
• Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
• Senior High School
• College and Livelihood Readiness, 21st Century Skills

Mother Tongue

• Medium of instruction from pre-school to grade 3

Subject-Centered Curriculum

• Sequence (Order): vertical relationships among elements for continuous learning
• Articulation (Connectivity): establishes vertical linkage from level to level, course to course
• Continuity (Spiral): vertical repetition and recurring appearances of content
• Balance: equitable assignment of content, time, experiences, and other elements
• Integration: organization drawn from real-life themes

Types of Lesson

• Development lesson
• Review lesson
• Drill lesson
• Appreciation lesson

Enculturation Typologies

• Pre-figurative
• Post-figurative
• Co-figurative

Acculturation Typologies

• Adopted change
• Free borrowing

Societal Trends

• Explosion
• Implosion
• Technoplosion
• Dysplosion

Knowledge

• Knowledge for practice (malaman)
• Knowledge in practice (maranasan)
• Knowledge of practice (maunawaan)

Types of Knowledge

• Content knowledge
• Pedagogical knowledge
• Technological knowledge
• Context knowledge

Lee S. Culture

• Shared products of human learning

Elements of Culture

• Language
• Norms
• Sanctions
• Values
• Change

Characteristics of Culture

• Transferable
• Shared
• Adaptive
• Continuous
• Learned
• Universal
• Dynamic
• Symbolic
• Borrowed

Forms of Change

• Cultural change
• Technological change
• Social change

Sociology

• Study of patterns of human behavior
• Society: group of organized individuals
• Groups: unit of interacting personalities
• Socialization: adapting to common needs and interests of a social group
• Social process: patterned and recurrent forms of competition, conflict, cooperation, accommodation, assimilation, and acculturation
• Social stratification: classification of people based on socio-economic strata
• Social stability: movement of individuals/groups from one position to another

Types of Social Mobility

• Horizontal
• Vertical

Philippine History

• The Philippine National Hero: Dr. Jose Rizal

Literature

• Folklore: traditionally derived and orally transmitted literature
• Folktales: reflect people's beliefs handed down from generation to generation by word of mouth
• Epilogue: conclusion or final part of a non-dramatic literary work
• Genre: distinctive type of literary composition
• Quo Vadis: means "where are you going"
• Hieroglyphics: oldest form of Egyptian writing
• Allegory: narrative whose meaning is beneath the surface
• Elegy: a meditated poem of grief
• Sonnet: verse with 14 iambic pentameter lines
• Epic: long poem depicting the adventure of a great hero
• Soliloquy: speech made by a person who reveals his thoughts