Culture Pyramid and Spheres of Culture

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of responsible global leadership?

Maximizing profits regardless of ethical concerns

Focusing solely on local operational challenges

Balancing economic imperatives with moral integrity (correct)

Increasing authority over diverse teams

Which statement best describes a workplace innovation culture?

A rigid structure that discourages employee feedback

A focus solely on financial outcomes for the organization

An environment that prioritizes hierarchy over collaboration

A combination of norms and values that supports employee participation (correct)

What is the essence of the principle of management?

Getting things done through people while using ethical practices (correct)

Strictly controlling resources without employee input

Emphasizing only on long-term goals, ignoring short-term adjustments

Implementing policies to maintain status quo only

How can leaders effectively manage emotionality in the workplace?

By tolerating emotionality while moderating its significance Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for effective planning in management?

Establishing a clear vision and mission Signup and view all the answers

What defines transformational leadership?

Inspiring and mentoring followers. Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style emphasizes interconnectedness and a collective process?

Collaborative leadership Signup and view all the answers

What is a key trend in contemporary leadership regarding organizational structure?

Networks of teams replace traditional hierarchies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of supportive leadership?

Encouraging organizational innovation. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach represents a shift from traditional predictions in progressive organizations?

Emphasizing experimentation and adaptation. Signup and view all the answers

How do progressive organizations view employee autonomy?

They grant high autonomy and trust. Signup and view all the answers

What is a focus of identity leadership?

Creating and embedding a shared identity. Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is characterized by removing barriers to employee success?

Supportive leadership. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of initiating structure in leadership?

Establishing task orientation and emphasizing productivity Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes that a leader's effectiveness depends on the match between their leadership style and the situation?

Fiedler's Contingency Theory Signup and view all the answers

In the context of management versus leadership, what does management primarily focus on?

Planning, budgeting, and organizing resources Signup and view all the answers

What does path-goal theory suggest about a leader's role?

Leaders should be flexible and adjust their style as needed Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of leadership is highlighted by the need to motivate and inspire people?

Establishing direction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Culture Pyramid

Culture is specific to individuals and is learned and inherited
Culture is specific to groups and learned
Human nature is universal and inherited
Culture spheres: National (history, geography, climate, religion), Industry (resources, technology, market), Regional, Corporate (founder, leadership stage, administrative heritage), Professional (education, training, socialization), Functional (tasks, environment, time horizon).

Spheres of Culture (Key Learnings)

Culture gives a sense of belonging, security, significance, and appropriate behavior.
Cultural groups' beliefs and values come into play and interact in different situations.
Cultural differences can amplify feelings of threat when surrounded by other cultures, especially in multicultural teams.

Cultural Differences in Mergers and Acquisitions

Cultural differences can lead to failures.
Cultural differences can be a source of knowledge, value creation, and innovation
Differences in organizational and national culture influence cross-border deals.
Creating a new organizational culture strongly influences knowledge transfer.

Intercultural Competence

Intercultural competence is the ability to effectively function in unfamiliar cultures.

Intercultural Models

Intercultural models focus on traits, attitudes, and capability.
Includes Reconciliation (recognizing, respecting, reconciling, and implementing reconciling actions).

Conflict Facework Behaviors

Facework is about identity and relational issues arising before, during and after conflict.
Includes self-face, other face, and mutual face.
Includes respect, honor, status, credibility, competence, and network connections.

International Qualities

Learning languages
Valuing different perspectives
Building relationships ("we" feeling)
Understanding unfamiliar fields
Diverse communication styles

Pull and Push Competencies

Pull: Flexible behavior, welcoming strangers, accepting differences, and flexible judgment.
Push: Focus on goals, inner purpose, resilience, and spirit of adventure.

Management Styles (Monochronic vs. Polychronic)

Monochronic (Sequential): Values punctuality and planning, focus on time as a resource.
Polychronic (Synchronous): Values flexibility, multiple tasks, and relationships.

Universalism vs. Particularism

Universalism: Standards and rules should be followed consistently across everyone.
Particularism: Obligations to particular people or circumstances take priority over abstract rules.

Achievement vs. Ascription

Achievement: Value performance and accomplishments
Ascription: Value roles, titles, and seniority.

Leadership Theories (Trait vs. Behavioral vs. Contemporary)

Trait: Focuses on individual qualities of leaders.
Behavioral: Focuses on what effective leaders do (initiating, consideration).
Contemporary: Includes contingency theories (situational leadership styles), and emphasizes the relational and ethical aspects.

Leading and Managing

Planning involves defining vision, mission, goals and objectives, organizational design, culture, and social networks.
Organizing encompasses building structures, roles and responsibilities, and cultivating relationships.
Leading involves motivating and inspiring people and making decisions effectively.
Controlling involves monitoring performance, identifying deviations and resolving problems.

Responsible and Global Leadership

Emphasizes effectiveness, maintaining moral integrity, addressing diverse perspectives.
Examines Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory (high-exchange vs. low-exchange relationships).

Classical vs Contemporary Leadership

Classical: Hierarchical, control-oriented, siloed.
Contemporary: Interconnected, empowering, collaborative, inclusive.

Identity Leadership

Emphasizes leaders' management of a shared sense of 'we'. Emphasizes purpose and values, organizational agility, and leadership approaches fitting different follower readiness levels.

Team Effectiveness

Compelling direction
Strong structure
Cohesiveness
Supporting context
Shared mindset.

Information Bias in Groups

Shared information is considered more credible and influential.
Groups may overlook unique information/ideas, harming group decision quality.

Moral Disengagement Mechanisms

Mechanisms people use to reconcile conflicting moral values.
Includes disengagement from behavior, responsibilities and consequences, as well as a "condescending assessment" of victims.

Ethical Theories

Utilitarianism (maximizing overall happiness), Rights Theory and Virtue Ethics (focus on morality) are discussed. Includes examples.

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Description

Explore the intricate layers of culture, including its individual and group dimensions, and how it impacts behavior and belonging. Understand the various spheres of culture and their implications in multicultural environments, particularly during mergers and acquisitions.