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Questions and Answers
What did the captain offer to barter with the native for a knife?
What did the captain offer to barter with the native for a knife?
What did the captain refuse to let the natives barter for?
What did the captain refuse to let the natives barter for?
What fruit do the natives chew that makes their mouth red?
What fruit do the natives chew that makes their mouth red?
What is the island called where they stayed for seven days?
What is the island called where they stayed for seven days?
What animal on Gatighan is described as being as large as eagles?
What animal on Gatighan is described as being as large as eagles?
What do the black birds on Gatighan lay?
What do the black birds on Gatighan lay?
How far is the distance from Mazaua to Gatighan?
How far is the distance from Mazaua to Gatighan?
What islands did they pass among when they set out westward from Gatighan?
What islands did they pass among when they set out westward from Gatighan?
What was the captain-general's reaction when the king of Mazaua caught up with them?
What was the captain-general's reaction when the king of Mazaua caught up with them?
What was the distance from Gatighan to Zubu?
What was the distance from Gatighan to Zubu?
Which island did the captain-general desire to land on for rest and water?
Which island did the captain-general desire to land on for rest and water?
What did the natives bring as gifts to the captain-general?
What did the natives bring as gifts to the captain-general?
How do the natives obtain wine from the palm tree?
How do the natives obtain wine from the palm tree?
Which material do the chiefs wear as clothing?
Which material do the chiefs wear as clothing?
What did the king of Mazaua give to the captain-general as a gift?
What did the king of Mazaua give to the captain-general as a gift?
What did the captain-general show to the king of Mazaua that frightened the natives?
What did the captain-general show to the king of Mazaua that frightened the natives?
Which island did the captain-general and his crew visit before Butuan and Calagan?
Which island did the captain-general and his crew visit before Butuan and Calagan?
What did the captain-general do before the supper hour?
What did the captain-general do before the supper hour?
What did the captain-general and his crew eat with the prince at the palace of the king?
What did the captain-general and his crew eat with the prince at the palace of the king?
Which fruit is as large as the head and has a green husk thicker than two fingers?
Which fruit is as large as the head and has a green husk thicker than two fingers?
What is the name of the island where they stayed for one week?
What is the name of the island where they stayed for one week?
What is the name given to the archipelago where many islands were discovered on the Sabbath of St. Lazurus?
What is the name given to the archipelago where many islands were discovered on the Sabbath of St. Lazurus?
What did the captain-general arrange for the kings?
What did the captain-general arrange for the kings?
What did the captain-general ask the kings about their belief?
What did the captain-general ask the kings about their belief?
Why did the first king ask the captain-general to wait two days before departing?
Why did the first king ask the captain-general to wait two days before departing?
What did the captain offer the native in exchange for a knife?
What did the captain offer the native in exchange for a knife?
What did the captain refuse to let the natives barter for?
What did the captain refuse to let the natives barter for?
What did the natives wear around their privies?
What did the natives wear around their privies?
What is the latitude of the island Mazaua?
What is the latitude of the island Mazaua?
What did the natives constantly chew that resembles a pear?
What did the natives constantly chew that resembles a pear?
During which dynasty did Sulu first appear in Chinese sources?
During which dynasty did Sulu first appear in Chinese sources?
When did the Ming Annals record a tributary mission from Sulu to the celestial court?
When did the Ming Annals record a tributary mission from Sulu to the celestial court?
How many separate tribute-bearing missions were dispatched by the Sultans of Sulu between 1727 and 1763 according to the Ching Annals?
How many separate tribute-bearing missions were dispatched by the Sultans of Sulu between 1727 and 1763 according to the Ching Annals?
During which period did the commerce between Manila and Jolo experience a notable increase in traffic?
During which period did the commerce between Manila and Jolo experience a notable increase in traffic?
How many Spanish sailing ships, on average, visited the Sulu archipelago each year?
How many Spanish sailing ships, on average, visited the Sulu archipelago each year?
Which year listed the arrival in Manila of the English barque Elizabeth and six Spanish brigantines?
Which year listed the arrival in Manila of the English barque Elizabeth and six Spanish brigantines?
During which period was Manila closed to British traffic?
During which period was Manila closed to British traffic?
Which country was at war with Spain during the period from 1796 to 1803?
Which country was at war with Spain during the period from 1796 to 1803?
Which trade route saw the growing importance of Sulu as a commercial center?
Which trade route saw the growing importance of Sulu as a commercial center?
Which vessels visited Jolo before 1787?
Which vessels visited Jolo before 1787?
According to the text, what was the annual value of the trade between China and Sulu in the early 19th century?
According to the text, what was the annual value of the trade between China and Sulu in the early 19th century?
What caused the decline of Amoy junks visiting Sulu after 1840?
What caused the decline of Amoy junks visiting Sulu after 1840?
What was the typical return cargo from Sulu to China?
What was the typical return cargo from Sulu to China?
What evidence supports the claim of increased Sino-Sulu trade in the late 18th and 19th centuries?
What evidence supports the claim of increased Sino-Sulu trade in the late 18th and 19th centuries?
Which of the following goods were part of the junk cargoes in the Sino-Sulu trade?
Which of the following goods were part of the junk cargoes in the Sino-Sulu trade?
What was the margin of profit on trade goods from China in the Sino-Sulu trade?
What was the margin of profit on trade goods from China in the Sino-Sulu trade?
Which of the following goods yielded the highest returns in the Sino-Sulu trade?
Which of the following goods yielded the highest returns in the Sino-Sulu trade?
What was the net profit derived on the freight carried by homeward bound junks in the Sino-Sulu trade?
What was the net profit derived on the freight carried by homeward bound junks in the Sino-Sulu trade?
During the trade in the South China Sea, what percentage of tax did the Sultan collect on imported Chinese goods?
During the trade in the South China Sea, what percentage of tax did the Sultan collect on imported Chinese goods?
In 1814, how much Mexican dollars did the two junks at Jolo pay on their cargoes worth respectively 50,000 and 100,000 dollars?
In 1814, how much Mexican dollars did the two junks at Jolo pay on their cargoes worth respectively 50,000 and 100,000 dollars?
What was the amount of goods that could be feasibly extended on credit to visiting merchants at Jolo?
What was the amount of goods that could be feasibly extended on credit to visiting merchants at Jolo?
What was the port duty equivalent to that the Spanish authorities demanded from a Chinese junk attempting to trade in Zamboanga?
What was the port duty equivalent to that the Spanish authorities demanded from a Chinese junk attempting to trade in Zamboanga?
During which years were missions sent to China from the Philippines?
During which years were missions sent to China from the Philippines?
Which countries did Chinese vessels visit each year?
Which countries did Chinese vessels visit each year?
What items were exchanged between Chinese coasters and the Sultanate of Sulu?
What items were exchanged between Chinese coasters and the Sultanate of Sulu?
How did the participation of smaller ships change in the trade between Amoy and Sulu from 1760 to 1840?
How did the participation of smaller ships change in the trade between Amoy and Sulu from 1760 to 1840?
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Study Notes
The Voyage of the Captain-General
- The captain offered to barter a bronze bell for a knife with a native.
- The captain refused to let the natives barter for iron.
The Island of Gatighan
- The natives chewed a fruit that made their mouth red, identified as a type of berry.
- The island is located a distance of 7 days from Mazaua.
- Large birds, similar to eagles, inhabited the island.
- Black birds on the island lay eggs.
Journey from Gatighan
- The distance from Mazaua to Gatighan is 7 days.
- When traveling westward from Gatighan, they passed among islands.
- The distance from Gatighan to Zubu is 2 days.
Encounter with the King of Mazaua
- The captain-general was met with hospitality by the king of Mazaua when they caught up.
- The king gave the captain-general a gift, a golden belt.
The Natives of the Islands
- Natives obtained wine from the palm tree by making a slit in the tree and collecting the sap.
- Chiefs wore clothing made of cotton.
- The king of Mazaua gave the captain-general a gift, a golden belt.
The Island of Mazaua
- The island's latitude is 9°40' north.
- Natives constantly chewed a fruit resembling a pear, which stained their mouth red.
The Sulu Archipelago
- The archipelago was named Las Islas del Luzón.
- The captain-general arranged for the kings to visit him.
- The captain-general asked the kings about their belief in God.
Sulu in Chinese Sources
- Sulu first appeared in Chinese sources during the Sung dynasty.
- The Ming Annals recorded a tributary mission from Sulu to the celestial court in 1417.
- Between 1727 and 1763, the Sultans of Sulu dispatched 14 separate tribute-bearing missions.
- During the 18th century, commerce between Manila and Jolo experienced a notable increase in traffic.
- On average, 2 Spanish sailing ships visited the Sulu archipelago each year.
- In 1796, the English barque Elizabeth and six Spanish brigantines arrived in Manila.
- From 1796 to 1803, Manila was closed to British traffic due to war between Spain and England.
- The trade route between China and Sulu saw the growing importance of Sulu as a commercial center.
Trade between China and Sulu
- The annual value of the trade between China and Sulu in the early 19th century was 50,000 dollars.
- The decline of Amoy junks visiting Sulu after 1840 was caused by the Opium War.
- The typical return cargo from Sulu to China included bird's nests, beeswax, and tortoise shell.
- Evidence of increased Sino-Sulu trade in the late 18th and 19th centuries includes trade records and accounts.
- Goods traded in the Sino-Sulu trade included pepper, swords, and guns.
- The margin of profit on trade goods from China was 100%.
- The highest returns in the Sino-Sulu trade came from birds' nests.
- The net profit derived on the freight carried by homeward-bound junks was 30%.
- The Sultan collected a 3% tax on imported Chinese goods.
- In 1814, two junks at Jolo paid 1,000 and 2,000 Mexican dollars on their cargoes worth 50,000 and 100,000 dollars, respectively.
- Merchants could extend credit of up to 10,000 dollars to visiting merchants at Jolo.
- The port duty demanded by Spanish authorities from a Chinese junk attempting to trade in Zamboanga was 10%.
Chinese Vessels and Trade
- Chinese vessels visited Jolo and other islands each year.
- Items exchanged between Chinese coasters and the Sultanate of Sulu included iron, guns, and swords.
- The participation of smaller ships in the trade between Amoy and Sulu increased from 1760 to 1840.
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