Culture and Society Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is culture?

Values and norms followed and the material goods produced by a society.

What are cultural universals?

Aspects that are found in virtually all cultures.

What does the linguistic relativity hypothesis argue?

Language can shape perception.

What is assimilation?

<p>The acceptance of a minority group by a majority population, where the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by cultural turn?

<p>Sociology's recent emphasis on understanding the role of culture in daily life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are instincts?

<p>Fixed patterns of behavior that have genetic origins and appear in all normal animals of a given species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are material goods?

<p>The physical objects that a society creates which influence the ways in which people live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is multiculturalism?

<p>Ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nationalism?

<p>A set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with a national community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are norms?

<p>Rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in social situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a signifier?

<p>Any vehicle of meaning and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is society?

<p>A group of people who live in a particular territory and are aware of having a distinct identity from other groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sociobiology?

<p>An approach that attempts to explain the behavior of both animals and human beings in terms of biological principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a subculture?

<p>Values and norms distinct from those of the majority, held by a group within a wider society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are values?

<p>Ideas held by individuals or groups about what is desirable, proper, good, and bad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are folkways?

<p>Standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mores?

<p>Strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are taboos?

<p>Norms that society holds so strongly that violating them results in extreme disgust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are laws?

<p>Norms that are written down and enforced by an official law enforcement agency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Culture and Society Overview

  • Culture: Comprises values, norms, and material goods of a society, shaping social behavior and interactions.
  • Cultural Universals: Elements common across almost all cultures, such as language, marriage, family, religion, and property, with varying cultural values.
  • Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis: Suggests that language influences perception and thought processes.

Cultural Dynamics

  • Assimilation: Process where minority groups adopt the dominant culture's values and norms, integrating into the majority society.
  • Cultural Turn: Recent sociological focus emphasizing the significance of culture in understanding daily life and social behaviors.
  • Material Goods: Physical objects created by a society that impact lifestyle, behaviors, and interactions within that society.

Social Structures and Norms

  • Multiculturalism: Concept where diverse ethnic groups maintain distinct identities while sharing equal participation in economic and political spheres.
  • Nationalism: Beliefs and symbols that foster identification with a national community, often promoting unity and pride.
  • Norms: Established rules dictating appropriate behavior across various social situations, with a spectrum of enforcement through social or legal sanctions.

Behavior and Social Constructs

  • Instincts: Genetically inherent behaviors seen in all normal species members, influencing natural responses and interactions.
  • Sociobiology: Approach explaining behaviors of animals and humans through biological principles, highlighting the nature of instincts.
  • Subculture: A group within a larger society that holds distinct values and norms, distinguishing it from the mainstream culture.

Values and Ethics

  • Values: Individual or group-held beliefs about what is considered desirable, significantly shaped by cultural context.
  • Folkways: Informal norms or customs of a society with mild repercussions for violation; often involve traditions or social etiquette.
  • Mores: Strongly held norms that dictate moral and ethical behavior; violations elicit disapproval and are considered morally significant.
  • Taboos: Social prohibitions against certain behaviors, often causing extreme disgust or ostracism for violators; examples include incest and cannibalism.
  • Laws: Codified norms enforced by authorities; violations can result in legal penalties such as fines or imprisonment, governing behaviors like theft or drunk driving.

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Description

Explore the fundamental aspects of culture and society, including cultural universals, assimilation, and multiculturalism. This quiz covers how cultural values shape social behavior and the impact of material goods on daily life. Test your understanding of the dynamic interactions within diverse societies.

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