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Culture and Socialization: Human Behavior and Brain Function
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Culture and Socialization: Human Behavior and Brain Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the vocabulary of signs that influence our thought and perception?

Culture

According to Samuel J. Huntington, how does the West perceive itself?

Rational, scientific, and democratic

What is the estimated number of languages that will be lost by 2100?

Half of the current 7000 languages

What is a key characteristic of aesthetics?

<p>Diverse and constantly changing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the conflict between the West and the rest of the world, according to Huntington?

<p>Clash of Civilizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Cingulate Cortex?

<p>Regulation of emotions and motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often is a language lost, according to the current rate?

<p>Every two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the Cingulate Cortex is damaged?

<p>All emotional responses and motivations are lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a natural human drive, according to the text?

<p>Altruism and fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lack of communication in healthy humans?

<p>Depression, reduced immunity, and even death</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory suggests that institutions sometimes build in inequalities?

<p>Conflict Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do humans tend to do with their view of reality?

<p>Become emotionally attached to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of twin studies in understanding human behavior?

<p>The heritability of genetic traits and shared environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of epigenetics research?

<p>To study the interaction of multiple genes and their environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which genes can be expressed differently, according to epigenetics?

<p>Through environmental factors influencing gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the study by Diaz and Ressler (2014) in the context of epigenetics?

<p>It illustrated how gene expression can be influenced by environmental factors and passed on to future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of socialization, according to the text?

<p>To acquire cognitive and emotional skills to function in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a daily routine learned through socialization?

<p>When to sleep or eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement 'Humans interact from the moment they are born'?

<p>It emphasizes the role of socialization in acquiring cognitive and emotional skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the study of epigenetics and traditional genetics?

<p>Epigenetics focuses on the study of gene expression, while traditional genetics focuses on the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the concept of dramaturgy by Erving Goffman?

<p>Understanding social roles and rehearsing them</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis of culture?

<p>Language and symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary socialization?

<p>Primary socialization occurs in childhood, while secondary socialization occurs in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the family in socialization?

<p>Overcoming risk factors such as bad neighbourhood and single parent home</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis also known as?

<p>Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anticipatory socialization?

<p>Learning the codes and norms of a certain group one is not yet a part of</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of signs and symbols called?

<p>Semiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of the media's role in socialization?

<p>It transmits stereotypes and promotes consumerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign composed of?

<p>Signifier and signified</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the peer group in adolescence?

<p>To expand experience beyond family</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between intentional and unintentional socialization?

<p>Intentional socialization is based on explicit teaching, while unintentional socialization is based on implicit learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of anticipatory socialization?

<p>Learning about high fashion when one cannot afford to take part</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of school in socialization?

<p>To transmit cultural norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of socialization?

<p>It is a continuous process that occurs throughout one's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of TREE in semiotics?

<p>It is a symbol that represents an abstract concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about culture according to the text?

<p>It is diverse and dynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Culture and Socialization

  • Humans are not rational and have natural drives to be altruistic, with an aversion to inequality.
  • The Cingulate Cortex is integral to the Limbic System, generating maternal response, empathy, emotional expressiveness, and motivation to communicate.
  • Healthy humans suffer depression, reduced immunity, and even die without communication.
  • Our 'selves' are created through communication, and our culture, society, and institutions are produced and reproduced through communication.

Nature or Nurture?

  • The debate is resolved by recognizing that both nature and nurture work together in complex ways.
  • Twin studies show that heritability (genetic), shared environment, and non-shared environment all play a role in shaping personality traits.
  • Epigenetics is the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
  • Genes are inherited, but how/if they are expressed may be impacted by the environment, and can be passed generationally with or without socialization.

Socialization

  • Socialization is key, and humans interact from the moment they are born to acquire cognitive and emotional skills to get along in their society.
  • Erving Goffman's dramaturgy theory suggests that people observe social roles, rehearse them, and become who they are through interaction.
  • There are three main types of socialization: primary, secondary, and anticipatory socialization.

Agents of Socialization

  • The four main agents of socialization are:
    • The Family: parenting behavior can overcome risk factors.
    • The Media: transmits stereotypes, violence, sex, and morals, and can teach consumerism.
    • The Peer Group: extremely important in adolescence, expanding experience beyond family.
    • School: transmits norms, values, roles, and ideas of authority.

Culture

  • Culture is the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterize an institution, organization, or group.
  • It is primarily based in language, which influences the way we think about reality (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis).
  • Culture is not monolithic, stagnant, or definitively bordered.

Semiotics

  • Semiotics is the study of signs, which create meaning through the combination of signifier and signified.
  • Humans think only in signs, and anything can be a sign as long as someone interprets it as signifying something.
  • Our vocabulary of signs comes to us through communication and may restrict our thought and ability to perceive.

Cultures

  • There are various cultures, including Western, Eastern, Arabic, African, European, North American, East Asian, Indian, and Latin.
  • Cultures mix and interact, but on what terms, and at what cost to cultural diversity and biodiversity?

Art and Aesthetics

  • Aesthetics refers to judgments on sentiment, style, and taste, which are constantly changing and diverse.
  • Why do aesthetics change and diversify?

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Description

This quiz explores the role of culture and socialization in shaping human behavior, including the importance of the Cingulate Cortex in the Limbic System and its effects on empathy, emotional expressiveness, and motivation to communicate.

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