intro to Culture and Identity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What has contributed to the changing distinction between high and popular culture?

  • Increased access to original cultural products (correct)
  • Decreased production of cultural products
  • Higher education costs
  • Isolation of cultural elites

    • High culture is solely for cultural elites.

    False

    How have Marxists interpreted the commercialization of high culture?

    They suggest that high culture has been popularized and commercialized for mass consumption.

    Advertising and mass media have made the distinction between high culture and ________ meaningless.

    <p>popular culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies the popularization of high culture?

    <p>Live performances of opera by popular figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>High Culture = Typically associated with the arts, literature, and education. Popular Culture = Widely consumed cultural products and trends. Commercialization = Turning cultural products into marketable commodities. Cultural Elites = Individuals who traditionally held power over cultural norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Art is no longer restricted to specific social classes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact has mass consumption had on high culture?

    <p>It has led to high culture being forced to earn its keep by appealing to a broader audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Strinati and other postmodernists argue about mass culture?

    <p>It is important to study as it has value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Livingstone claims that mass media kills public debate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how mass media can benefit society according to Livingstone.

    <p>Mass media is educational, informative, and generates conversations, presenting a range of political opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strinati argues that the distinction between high culture and _____ culture is weakening.

    <p>popular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theorists with their views on mass culture:

    <p>Strinati = Rejects the harmful effect of mass culture Livingstone = Views mass media as educational and informative Bartolo = Highlights weak distinctions between high and pop culture Postmodernists = Emphasize choice and diversity in pop culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of mass communication technology identified by Strinati?

    <p>It increases the diversity of media and cultural products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The impact of mass media solely promotes passive acceptance in society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what does mass culture provide that people can critically respond to?

    <p>A wide diversity and choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to smaller groups within a larger society that have different beliefs, values, and norms?

    <p>Subcultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subcultures can completely replace the dominant culture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the main culture of a society that holds the most power?

    <p>Dominant culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As societies become larger and more diverse, ________ may emerge that reflect different ways of life.

    <p>subcultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a subculture?

    <p>Global culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of culture with their definitions:

    <p>Dominant culture = The culture that is most influential in a society Subculture = A culture that exists within a larger culture and has its own distinct values High culture = Cultural products and activities that are associated with the elite Popular culture = Mainstream cultural activities enjoyed by the general public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All subcultures are completely isolated from the dominant culture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic that distinguishes a subculture from the dominant culture.

    <p>Different beliefs, values, or norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Culture and Identity

    • Culture is a way of life for any society
    • It includes language, beliefs, values, norms, customs, dress, diet, roles, knowledge, skills, and other learned practices
    • Culture is passed on through socialization, where individuals learn the norms and values of their society to fit in
    • Culture is common and shared across a society
    • However, cultures within a society may vary

    Dominant Culture

    • The dominant culture is the main culture in a society, shared and accepted by most people without opposition. It is the powerful, widespread, or influential culture within a society. This is considered the norm.
    • It is supported by the major social institutions.
    • Establishes social customs, language, values, and religion
    • The dominant culture sets the standard for the entire society and is linked to prestige, wealth, and influence.

    Subcultures

    • Subcultures are smaller groups with different beliefs, values, and behaviours compared to the mainstream culture
    • They emerge from mainstream culture
    • Subcultures share their unique norms, customs, and values
    • Examples include youth subcultures, class subcultures, criminal subcultures, ethnic/minority group subcultures

    Folk Culture

    • Folk culture is localized
    • Created by local communities
    • Rooted in experiences, customs, and beliefs of ordinary people (everyday life)
    • Often passed down through generations
    • Examples include traditional music, storytelling, folk dances, crafts and religious practices

    High Culture

    • High culture includes artistic and literacy aspects of culture
    • It is valued by intellectual elites, predominantly upper and middle class
    • Treated with respect and reverence
    • It's seen as a superior form of culture and involves items of lasting artistic and literacy value including works of art and literature.
    • It is important to preserve these forms of culture.
    • Marxists suggest that high culture has become popularized as its forced to earn its keep by mass consumption

    Mass Culture

    • It is the set of ideas and values that arise from common exposure to the same media, news sources, music, and art.
    • Mass culture is spread to a large audience
    • It is usually broadcast or distributed rather than arising from everyday interactions
    • Marxists also seem to accept the lower status of mass culture, little to no artistic value. The media manipulates consumers to make them want and consume the product. their sole aim is financial gain
    • Macdonald: suggests that mass culture is trivial and inauthentic with no real substance unlike folk subculture whilst Strinati suggests that mass culture has value and is worth studying due to its wide variety, people can think critically about what to consume
    • Bourdieu: The dominant class has the power to impose on the rest of society what classes as good/bad taste, influencing the media we consume, books we read, shows we watch etc. This is called the dominant class ideology. the rest of society is socialized into accepting the continuation of high culture even though they are more likely to consume mass/pop culture
    • The leavises: Disapproval of mass culture as its processed, packaged and trivial, creation of mindless escapist fantasies. inferior to the lasting artistic and literary values in high culture. Its negative and ruins proper use of language with text abbreviations such as rn, u, tn, etc, damages peoples emotional needs and promotes greed.
    • Popular culture is embraced by ordinary people
    • It often involves mass-produced items including items like magazines, television, and movies
    • It is also often perceived and enjoyed by large audiences
    • Popular culture includes celebrities, lifestyles, and news spread widely
    • mass-circulation magazines
    • passive+unchallenging; mindless entertainment
    • used to divert people away from more useful activities and dives down cultural standards which can be harmful on mass audiences

    Evaluation of Pop/Mass Culture

    • Pop/mass culture can be criticised for diverting people from more useful activities and for lowering cultural standards
    • Mass culture can be harmful to audiences
    • It can be treated as inferior to high-culture
    • Important figures like the Leavises, strinati, MacDonald, Bourdieu and Giddings have provided opinions and criticisms about mass/popular culture
    • giddings: lines between mass and high culture are only there because we are told they are there (like borders of a country), also claims that there is nothing special about art anymore as its being incorporated into our daily lives due to cultural aspects being turned into mass products for sale
    • strinati: no longer any real distinction on what makes up high/mass culture. Strinati and other post-modernists also argue that the distinction between high and pop culture is weakening due to mass media, making high culture consumption accessible to almost everyone

    Hegemony

    • Hegemony is the dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others
    • It's frequently used to discuss the power of major countries and ruling groups in influencing the culture of other countries and people
    • lulled into conformity and social repression. Media emphasizes relaxation and fun which effects consumers ability to think critically
    • The lines between high and popular culture are becoming less distinct
    • Mass communication technology has made high culture items more accessible
    • High culture items are now present in many everyday products such as clothes, food, and souvenirs.
    • Therefore previously seen as separate areas of culture now share common ground

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    Culture and Identity PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of culture, identity, and the dynamics of dominant and subcultures. This quiz will explore how culture shapes society and the variations that exist within it. Challenge your knowledge of key concepts related to social norms, values, and practices.

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