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Questions and Answers
Which of the following sites is considered the origin of the Yoruba people?
Which of the following sites is considered the origin of the Yoruba people?
Which art style is known for its naturalistic life-size heads with detailed scarification and decorations?
Which art style is known for its naturalistic life-size heads with detailed scarification and decorations?
Which of the following sites is famous for its elaborate city walls built from the 11th century AD?
Which of the following sites is famous for its elaborate city walls built from the 11th century AD?
What was the likely source of raw materials for Igbo Ukwu's bronze objects?
What was the likely source of raw materials for Igbo Ukwu's bronze objects?
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What was the significance of Oba Ewuare's constructions in Benin?
What was the significance of Oba Ewuare's constructions in Benin?
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What was the likely influence on Igbo Ukwu's art style?
What was the likely influence on Igbo Ukwu's art style?
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What was the result of the British troops' actions in Benin in 1897?
What was the result of the British troops' actions in Benin in 1897?
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What was the significance of Igbo Ukwu's findings?
What was the significance of Igbo Ukwu's findings?
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What is the primary focus of the concept of culture?
What is the primary focus of the concept of culture?
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What is the term used to describe the apex of cultural growth and development?
What is the term used to describe the apex of cultural growth and development?
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What is an example of Material Culture in Nigeria?
What is an example of Material Culture in Nigeria?
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Which of the following is a notable language group in Nigeria?
Which of the following is a notable language group in Nigeria?
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What is the primary characteristic of Nok Culture?
What is the primary characteristic of Nok Culture?
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In which century did the Nok Culture exist?
In which century did the Nok Culture exist?
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What is the significance of the Nok Culture?
What is the significance of the Nok Culture?
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What is the result of cultural advancements and progress?
What is the result of cultural advancements and progress?
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Study Notes
Concepts of Culture and Civilisation
Concept of Culture
- Culture is the total way of life of a people, encompassing human behavioral patterns and technology passed from one generation to another.
- E.B. Tylor defines culture as a complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Concept of Civilization
- Civilization refers to both the condition of a society and the processes leading to that condition.
- It represents the apex of cultural growth and development, resulting from cultural advancements and progress.
Aspects of Culture
Material Culture
- Consists of physical objects made by a society to meet the needs of its people.
- Examples include houses, tools, weapons, clothing, and artworks.
- Notable Nigerian artworks include terracotta heads of Ife, bronze works of Ife and Benin, brass work in Bida, and carved calabashes of the Hausa and Yoruba.
Non-Material Culture
- Encompasses intangible elements learned and integrated into a group's way of life.
- Examples include language, music, dances, stories, laws, and governance.
- Notable language groups in Nigeria include Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani, Nupe, Efik, etc.
- Traditional music and dance include Igbo: Nkpokiti and Atilogwu, Yoruba: Apala and Juju, Hausa: Goje, and Idoma: Onyenkpo.
Some Early Centres of Civilisation in Nigeria
Nok Culture
- Discovered in 1936 in Nok, near Kafanchan, Kaduna State.
- Known for terra cotta figurines found in Wamba, Jema, and Katsina-Ala.
- Existed between 2nd and 5th century B.C.
- Transitioned from the Stone Age to the Iron Age, with both stone and iron tools.
- Produced iron tools, weapons, tin beads, and pottery.
- Art is geometric and rigid, influencing later Ife art.
Ile Ife
- Located in Oyo State, considered the origin of the Yoruba people.
- Evidence of habitation from the 8th to 10th centuries.
- Renowned for terra cotta and bronze heads, and stone carvings.
- Used lost wax method for metal casting.
- Art features naturalistic life-size heads with detailed scarification and decorations.
- Ife art influenced Benin bronze sculpture.
Benin
- Developed from the union of settlements recognizing the Oba (king).
- Famous for elaborate city walls built from the 11th century AD.
- Known for wood, ivory carvings, and bronze/brass casting, possibly introduced by an Ife artist.
- Artworks often depicted court scenes and rituals, with bas relief sculptures.
- British troops looted many artworks in 1897, now housed in British museums.
Igbo Ukwu
- Located about 30 km southeast of Onitsha.
- Discovered in 1939, excavated by Thurstan Shaw in 1959.
- Excavations revealed bronze objects, ornaments, and burial items dating to the 9th century A.D.
- Findings indicate wealth, ritual use, and complex social organization.
- Raw materials likely sourced through long-distance trade or local mining.
- Art style distinct from Benin and Ife, using lead-bronze and lost wax method.
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Description
Quiz on the definitions and concepts of culture and civilization, including human behavioral patterns, technology, and societal norms.
