ICC Chapter 3 and 4 summary
39 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

A society that builds greenhouses to grow crops is most likely demonstrating which orientation towards nature?

  • In harmony with nature
  • Dominating nature (correct)
  • Subjugated to nature
  • Ignoring nature
  • Which time orientation emphasizes long-term goals and systematic planning?

  • Future-oriented (correct)
  • Present-oriented
  • Past-oriented
  • Cyclical-oriented
  • A culture that emphasizes promotions and rewards as a management approach is most likely a:

  • Doing culture (correct)
  • Collectivist culture
  • Individualistic culture
  • Being culture
  • In individualistic cultures, what is typically considered a sign of weakness?

    <p>Dependence on others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals in a collectivist culture typically define themselves by:

    <p>Their societal roles and group memberships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the communication style in collectivist societies?

    <p>Indirect and high-context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of time orientation, an historian is more aligned with which time perspective?

    <p>Past oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a culture that prioritizes spontaneous events and relationships?

    <p>A being culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hierarchical group structure, how is leadership primarily determined?

    <p>Through natural or societal order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to nature involves accepting conditions with minimal modifications, like adapting agriculture to existing soil?

    <p>Subjugated to nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of 'fine-mesh' cultural structures according to David Pinto?

    <p>Strict, detailed rules for behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individualistic societies?

    <p>Strong group affiliations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person considers their profession and accomplishments when defining themselves, they likely belong to what type of culture?

    <p>An individualistic culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In collectivist societies, what is the primary focus when making decisions?

    <p>The group’s best interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical way that criticism is delivered in collectivist cultures?

    <p>Subtly or indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which cultures generally view private spaces as a sign of respect?

    <p>Northern European and North American cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individualistic cultures, what is the preferred style of communication?

    <p>Direct and low-context communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A society that emphasizes achievement, competition and material success is considered what?

    <p>A masculine society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a feminine society, what is most valued in education?

    <p>The average student, with an emphasis on inclusivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary characteristic of a high uncertainty avoidance culture?

    <p>A strong preference for predictability, rules, and structured environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior observed in job applications from individuals in a masculine society?

    <p>Exaggerated achievements and competitive self-promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are gender roles typically viewed in feminine societies?

    <p>Overlapping, with both men and women expected to be tender and life-quality-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following values are characteristics of a feminine society?

    <p>Modesty, care and a balanced quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a society that views human nature as inherently evil, which of the following management theories is most likely to be adopted?

    <p>A management theory that relies on close supervision, control, and punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Pinto's Three-Step Method, what is the first step to overcoming intercultural communication obstacles?

    <p>Becoming aware of your own norms, values, and behavioral codes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a society with low power distance, according to Hofstede's dimensions?

    <p>A society that values equality and open expression among its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In collectivist societies, which of the following is MOST emphasized?

    <p>Strong ties and group harmony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Pinto's three steps helps address the problem of projecting one's own norms onto others?

    <p>Getting to know one’s own norms and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a society with high power distance tend to express its opinions?

    <p>Respectfully, and in an indirect manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of individualistic societies?

    <p>Strong group cohesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Hofstede's power distance dimension, which action would demonstrate a high power distance perspective in a workplace?

    <p>Employees using respectful language and avoiding direct contradiction with superiors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is most associated with long-term orientation?

    <p>Emphasis on perseverance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cultures with low uncertainty avoidance, which behavior is more likely?

    <p>Frequent job changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of societies with short-term orientation?

    <p>Quick results and achieving success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of indulgence?

    <p>Emphasis on enjoying life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is less likely to exhibit low uncertainty avoidance?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultures characterized by restraint are most likely to exhibit which trait?

    <p>Pessimism and health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of workplace values, which motivates employees in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance?

    <p>Stability and long-term security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common societal value in cultures with long-term orientation?

    <p>Efforts leading to future rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 3: Working with Kluckhohn's Variations in Value Orientations

    • Relationship with Nature: Societies approach nature differently, impacting their solutions to daily challenges.
      • Dominating Nature: Adapt the environment to meet needs, like greenhouses and conflict resolution. (Examples: Netherlands, UAE)
      • Harmony with Nature: Adapt to nature without drastic changes, like planting seasonal crops. (Examples: Costa Rica, Norway)
      • Subjugated to Nature: Accept and adapt passively; accept conflicts and circumstances. (Examples: Philippines, Maldives)

    Time Orientation

    • Cultural perspectives on time influence planning and priorities.
      • Past-Oriented: Value traditions and historical continuity. Past is important for assessing the significance of a matter.
      • Present-Oriented: Focus on short-term goals and living in the moment. Past is still relevant, but less compared to the present.
      • Future-Oriented: Emphasize long-term goals and systematic planning. Time perspectives vary within cultures based on factors like profession, region, and age. (e.g., Economists are future-oriented while museums are past-oriented).

    Doing or Being Cultures

    • Doing Cultures: Task-oriented, prioritize achievement, focus on results metrics. (Examples: USA, China). They set goals, act, and use parameters to measure outcomes.
    • Being Cultures: Relationship-focused, prioritize enjoyment and spontaneity. Focus on experiences and flow of ideas. (Examples: Indonesia, Mexico).

    Individualism and Collectivism

    • Cultural Organization: Cultures are categorized based on their preferred form of social organization and preferred way of interacting in society.
      • Individualism: Prioritize independence, self-reliance, and personal achievements. Relationships are secondary to personal goals. Communication is direct and low-context, focusing on clarity and honesty. (Examples: Netherlands, USA)
      • Collectivism: Value interdependence, belonging, and responsibility towards the group. Group welfare takes precedence over personal goals. Communication is indirect and high-context, focusing on maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict. (Examples: Many Asian, African, Middle Eastern, Latin American cultures)

    Chapter 4: Working with Hofstede's Six Dimensions of Culture

    Power Distance

    • Power Distance: Degree to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept that power is distributed unequally.
      • Low Power Distance: Value equality and open expression. (Examples: Netherlands, Scandinavia)
      • Medium Power Distance: Mix of equality and hierarchy. (Examples: France, Poland)
      • High Power Distance: Accept hierarchies; express opinions respectfully and indirectly. (Examples: Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe)

    Individualism and Collectivism (revisited)

    • Individualistic Cultures: Loose ties, responsible for themselves and their immediate families. Prioritize being independent and speaking their minds.
    • Collectivist Cultures: Strong group bonds, responsibility for the group. Loyal to the group ahead of their self-interest. Avoid direct criticism.

    Masculinity and Femininity

    • Masculine Societies: Value assertiveness, achievement, success, and competition. Gender roles are strictly divided. Men are assertive and competitive; women are more tender and life-quality-oriented.
    • Feminine Societies: Value modesty, care, and quality of life. Gender roles overlap, men and women are expected to be tender and life-quality-oriented.

    Uncertainty Avoidance

    • High Uncertainty Avoidance: Cultures prefer predictability, rules, and structured environments. Value stability in jobs, relationships, and life in general. (Examples: Latin America, Latin Europe, German-speaking countries)
    • Low Uncertainty Avoidance: Cultures accept uncertainty, flexibility, and creativity. Frequent job changes are common. (Examples: Anglo-Saxon countries)

    Long-Term Orientation (LTO)

    • Long-Term Orientation: Emphasize perseverance, thrift, and future rewards. Focus on the long-term benefits of decisions and actions.
    • Short-Term Orientation: Prioritize fulfilling social obligations, traditions, and immediate results. Importance placed on immediate gratification and achieving quick results.

    Indulgence and Restraint

    • Indulgence: Cultures that value enjoying life, freedom, and fun. Strong emphasis on leisure activities and personal satisfaction. Correlates with happiness and larger families.
    • Restraint: Cultures that regulate desires, prioritize discipline, and have a strong emphasis on maintaining social order. Associated with pessimism and strong social norms.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    ICC Chapter 3 & 4 Summary PDF
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser