Cultural Syndromes to Stigma
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that cultural considerations in clinical practice should take into account?

  • Cultural factors related to psychosocial environment and functioning
  • Cultural identity
  • Cultural explanations of illness
  • Cultural elements of the clinician's personal life (correct)

    • What are cultural syndromes?

  • A set of symptoms found in a specific cultural group (correct)
  • A set of cultural values related to mental health
  • A set of cultural practices related to mental health
  • A set of beliefs about mental illness

    • What are cultural idioms of distress?

  • Cultural beliefs about mental illness
  • Specific linguistic terms referring to shared concepts of pathology and ways of expressing distress (correct)
  • Cultural values related to mental health
  • Cultural practices related to mental health

    • What are cultural explanations or perceived causes?

    <p>Labels or attributions that provide culturally conceived etiology or cause for symptoms, illness, or distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference in the expression of psychotic symptoms and hallucinations across cultures?

    <p>Culturally sanctioned auditory verbal hallucinations are more common among the Masai of Kenya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stigma in mental health?

    <p>Negative attitudes, beliefs, and discrimination towards individuals with mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is public stigma?

    <p>Stigma exhibited by the public, manifested in stereotyped attitudes and beliefs, prejudicial affective responses, and discriminatory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structural stigma?

    <p>Ingrained stigma at the societal level, maintained by societal institutions through policy, law, and prescribed ideologies that restrict opportunities for particular groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mechanisms of stigma that individuals with mental illness may be affected by?

    <p>Perceived stigma, experienced stigma, anticipated stigma, and self-stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are effective approaches to stigma reduction?

    <p>Contact with individuals with mental illness and education about mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?

    <p>A mental illness characterized by intense and unstable emotions, impulsive behavior, and a distorted self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that may contribute to the development of BPD?

    <p>Childhood trauma, genetics, and brain abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that cultural considerations in clinical practice should take into account?

    <p>Cultural elements of the clinician's personal life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural syndromes?

    <p>A set of symptoms found in a specific cultural group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural idioms of distress?

    <p>Specific linguistic terms referring to shared concepts of pathology and ways of expressing distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural explanations or perceived causes?

    <p>Labels or attributions that provide culturally conceived etiology or cause for symptoms, illness, or distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference in the expression of psychotic symptoms and hallucinations across cultures?

    <p>Culturally sanctioned auditory verbal hallucinations are more common among the Masai of Kenya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stigma in mental health?

    <p>Negative attitudes, beliefs, and discrimination towards individuals with mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is public stigma?

    <p>Stigma exhibited by the public, manifested in stereotyped attitudes and beliefs, prejudicial affective responses, and discriminatory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structural stigma?

    <p>Ingrained stigma at the societal level, maintained by societal institutions through policy, law, and prescribed ideologies that restrict opportunities for particular groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mechanisms of stigma that individuals with mental illness may be affected by?

    <p>Perceived stigma, experienced stigma, anticipated stigma, and self-stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are effective approaches to stigma reduction?

    <p>Contact with individuals with mental illness and education about mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?

    <p>A mental illness characterized by intense and unstable emotions, impulsive behavior, and a distorted self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that may contribute to the development of BPD?

    <p>Childhood trauma, genetics, and brain abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that cultural considerations in clinical practice should take into account?

    <p>Cultural elements of the clinician's attire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural syndromes?

    <p>Clusters of co-occurring symptoms found in a specific cultural group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural idioms of distress?

    <p>Linguistic terms specific to a cultural group that refer to shared concepts of pathology and ways of expressing distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural explanations or perceived causes?

    <p>Labels or attributions that provide culturally conceived etiology or cause for symptoms, illness, or distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a culturally sanctioned auditory verbal hallucination?

    <p>Hearing voices of spirits or ancestors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stigma?

    <p>Negative attitudes, beliefs, and discrimination towards individuals with mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is public stigma?

    <p>Stigma exhibited by the public, manifested in stereotyped attitudes and beliefs, prejudicial affective responses, and discriminatory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structural stigma?

    <p>Ingrained stigma at the societal level, maintained by societal institutions through policy, law, and prescribed ideologies that restrict opportunities for particular groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-stigma?

    <p>Stigma experienced by individuals with mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective approach to stigma reduction?

    <p>Contact with individuals with mental illness and education about mental illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?

    <p>A mental illness characterized by intense and unstable emotions, impulsive behavior, and a distorted self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of BPD?

    <p>Childhood trauma, genetics, and brain abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may not be motivated to change their behavior?

    <p>They have too many other priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may not believe they can successfully change their behavior?

    <p>They lack belief in their ability to successfully change their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may lack planning skills?

    <p>They lack planning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may lack performative skills?

    <p>They lack performative skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may give up when trying to overcome existing habits and/or build new habits?

    <p>They face difficulties overcoming existing habits and/or building and maintaining new habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may continue maladaptive behavior?

    <p>They live/work in an environment that facilitates current maladaptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may hold incorrect beliefs?

    <p>They lack knowledge and/or hold incorrect beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may be concerned about others’ approval if they change?

    <p>They are concerned about others’ approval if they change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may lack emotional involvement in behavior change?

    <p>They lack motivation/emotional involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may lack belief in their ability to successfully change their behavior?

    <p>They lack belief in their ability to successfully change their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may lack knowledge about behavior change?

    <p>They lack knowledge and/or hold incorrect beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason individuals may not have the time to make behavior changes?

    <p>They have too many other priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not be motivated to change their behavior?

    <p>They have too many other priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not believe they can successfully change their behavior?

    <p>They lack belief in their ability to successfully change their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not know how to plan for change?

    <p>They lack planning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not know how to enact change?

    <p>They lack performative skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may give up when trying to change their behavior?

    <p>They face difficulties overcoming existing habits and/or building and maintaining new habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not change their behavior even if they want to?

    <p>They live/work in an environment that facilitates current maladaptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may be concerned about changing their behavior?

    <p>They be concerned about others’ approval if they change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may lack knowledge or hold incorrect beliefs about behavior change?

    <p>They lack knowledge and hold incorrect beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not believe they are capable of changing their behavior?

    <p>They lack belief in their ability to successfully change their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not know how to set goals for behavior change?

    <p>They lack planning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may not know how to monitor their behavior change?

    <p>They lack performative skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why individuals may have difficulty building and maintaining new habits?

    <p>They face difficulties overcoming existing habits and/or building and maintaining new habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not want to change their behavior?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not want to quit smoking even if they know it is bad for their health?

    <p>They are concerned about others' approval if they quit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not believe they are capable of changing their behavior?

    <p>They lack belief in their ability to change their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not know how to plan for behavior change?

    <p>They lack planning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not know how to enact change?

    <p>They lack performative skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may give up on behavior change when it gets too hard?

    <p>They face difficulties overcoming existing habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may continue engaging in maladaptive behavior?

    <p>They live/work in an environment that facilitates the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may hold incorrect beliefs about a behavior?

    <p>They lack knowledge about the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may be concerned about changing their behavior?

    <p>They are concerned about others' approval if they change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not prioritize changing their behavior?

    <p>They have too many other priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not know how to set goals for behavior change?

    <p>They lack planning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why someone may not know how to monitor their progress in behavior change?

    <p>They lack performative skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Culture and Stigma in Mental Health

    • Psychiatric assessment needs to consider sociocultural factors to avoid misdiagnosis and perpetuation of stereotypes based on race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or sexual orientation.

    • Cultural considerations in clinical practice include the individual's cultural identity, cultural explanations of their illness, cultural factors related to their psychosocial environment and functioning, and cultural elements of the relationship between the individual and the clinician.

    • Cultural syndromes are clusters of co-occurring symptoms found in a specific cultural group, such as Ataque de Nervios among Latinos or Khyâl cap among Cambodian people.

    • Cultural idioms of distress are linguistic terms specific to a cultural group that refer to shared concepts of pathology and ways of expressing distress, such as Kufungisisa in Zimbabwe.

    • Cultural explanations or perceived causes are labels or attributions that provide culturally conceived etiology or cause for symptoms, illness, or distress, such as Maladi moun in Haiti or being sung/pointed with a bone in Aboriginal Australian culture.

    • Psychotic symptoms and the expression of auditory verbal hallucinations vary across cultures, with visual hallucinations more common in developed countries and culturally sanctioned auditory verbal hallucinations among the Masai of Kenya.

    • Stigma refers to negative attitudes, beliefs, and discrimination towards individuals with mental illness.

    • Public stigma refers to stigma exhibited by the public, manifested in stereotyped attitudes and beliefs, prejudicial affective responses, and discriminatory behaviors.

    • Structural stigma refers to ingrained stigma at the societal level, maintained by societal institutions through policy, law, and prescribed ideologies that restrict opportunities for particular groups.

    • Individuals with mental illness are affected by multiple mechanisms of stigma, including perceived stigma, experienced stigma, anticipated stigma, and self-stigma.

    • Effective approaches to stigma reduction include contact with individuals with mental illness and education about mental illness, but the wrong type of education can increase stigma.

    • The MSPS Mental Ill-Health Stigma Lab is working on various projects related to stigma reduction, including a national stigma report card, a hearing voices project, and messaging interventions.MISTLab and Mental Health Interventions for BPD: Students, Strategy, and Learning Outcomes

    • MISTLab is involved in strategy intervention trials for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in the mental health system and relationships.

    • The lab has had several students work on BPD research, including Kelton Hardingham, Beth Hobern, Jessica Westfold, Ellen Rankin, Emma Waldron, Mengie Cai, Alsa Wu, and Elise Carrote.

    • The lab will have five Master's students in 2023.

    • The learning outcomes of the lab include understanding cultural considerations in psychopathology and clinical practice, cultural syndromes and idioms, and how culture affects psychopathology.

    • The lab also focuses on understanding and reducing stigma, identifying stigma processes, and the significance of stigma for individuals with lived experience.

    • The University of Melbourne holds the copyright for the text.

    • BPD is a mental illness characterized by intense and unstable emotions, impulsive behavior, and a distorted self-image.

    • Borderline Personality Disorder is more commonly diagnosed in women than in men.

    • The exact cause of BPD is unknown, but factors such as childhood trauma, genetics, and brain abnormalities may contribute to its development.

    • Treatment for BPD can include therapy, medication, and hospitalization in severe cases.

    • People with BPD may struggle with relationships, have a history of self-harm, and experience intense mood swings.

    • Stigma surrounding mental illness can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and a reluctance to seek treatment.

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    2023 Lecture 5 Culture and Psychopathology Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on culture and stigma in mental health with this informative quiz! From cultural syndromes to the effects of stigma, this quiz covers a range of topics related to mental health. Learn about the importance of considering sociocultural factors in psychiatric assessment and the various mechanisms of stigma that individuals with mental illness may face. See how much you know about Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Take this quiz to deepen your understanding of culture and stigma

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