Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'iconography' in the context of landscapes refer to?
What does the term 'iconography' in the context of landscapes refer to?
- The evaluation of economic trends in urban development
- The examination of symbols that are part of the landscape (correct)
- The study of natural patterns in landscapes
- The analysis of climatic effects on land use
How do skyscrapers in an urban landscape primarily function symbolically?
How do skyscrapers in an urban landscape primarily function symbolically?
- They signify cultural diversity and inclusivity.
- They demonstrate technological advancements in construction.
- They indicate economic development and prosperity. (correct)
- They represent historical architectural styles.
What does the term 'derelict landscapes' indicate?
What does the term 'derelict landscapes' indicate?
- Landscapes that have experienced abandonment or disinvestment. (correct)
- Landscapes that showcase innovative urban planning.
- Landscapes characterized by high cultural activity.
- Landscapes that are beautifully preserved.
What aspect of the built landscape is emphasized in the context provided?
What aspect of the built landscape is emphasized in the context provided?
What do slums and overcrowding reflect within the urban landscape?
What do slums and overcrowding reflect within the urban landscape?
What is the primary argument made by Carl Sauer regarding cultural landscapes?
What is the primary argument made by Carl Sauer regarding cultural landscapes?
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of vernacular landscapes?
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of vernacular landscapes?
What criticism did Carl Sauer's approach to cultural landscapes face?
What criticism did Carl Sauer's approach to cultural landscapes face?
What does the term 'topophilia' refer to in the context of cultural geography?
What does the term 'topophilia' refer to in the context of cultural geography?
Which aspect of cultural meaning is emphasized in social constructionism?
Which aspect of cultural meaning is emphasized in social constructionism?
How did Sauer's view of culture contrast with earlier environmental determinism perspectives?
How did Sauer's view of culture contrast with earlier environmental determinism perspectives?
What type of landscapes are considered 'cultural landscapes' according to Sauer?
What type of landscapes are considered 'cultural landscapes' according to Sauer?
Which limitation of Carl Sauer's analysis is highlighted in the criticisms?
Which limitation of Carl Sauer's analysis is highlighted in the criticisms?
What key aspect does the concept of social constructed-ness of place primarily emphasize?
What key aspect does the concept of social constructed-ness of place primarily emphasize?
Which critical question is raised by cultural geographers regarding place?
Which critical question is raised by cultural geographers regarding place?
In the context of the Cultural Turn, how is culture perceived?
In the context of the Cultural Turn, how is culture perceived?
What role do dominant groups play in the context of place meanings?
What role do dominant groups play in the context of place meanings?
How are symbolic landscapes characterized according to the content provided?
How are symbolic landscapes characterized according to the content provided?
What does the phrase 'the meanings of culture are contested' imply?
What does the phrase 'the meanings of culture are contested' imply?
Which statement reflects the understanding of power relations in place meanings?
Which statement reflects the understanding of power relations in place meanings?
What is reflected in the visible landscape based on the Cultural Turn perspectives?
What is reflected in the visible landscape based on the Cultural Turn perspectives?
What does place commodification primarily involve?
What does place commodification primarily involve?
How are destination images best described?
How are destination images best described?
In tourism, why are images often considered more important than tangible resources?
In tourism, why are images often considered more important than tangible resources?
What is the primary purpose of place promotion?
What is the primary purpose of place promotion?
What role do imagined geographies play in understanding places?
What role do imagined geographies play in understanding places?
How does tourism contribute to consuming place?
How does tourism contribute to consuming place?
What factor is crucial for destination advertisers when selecting images?
What factor is crucial for destination advertisers when selecting images?
What does the process of place commodification lead to?
What does the process of place commodification lead to?
What is the primary purpose of theming in environments?
What is the primary purpose of theming in environments?
Which of the following best describes a theme park?
Which of the following best describes a theme park?
How can theme parks be characterized in terms of structure?
How can theme parks be characterized in terms of structure?
Which aspect is NOT typically included in the theming process?
Which aspect is NOT typically included in the theming process?
What does 'pastiche' refer to in the context of theming environments?
What does 'pastiche' refer to in the context of theming environments?
What element is crucial for the identity of a themed environment?
What element is crucial for the identity of a themed environment?
Which of the following is an example of theming in a retail context?
Which of the following is an example of theming in a retail context?
Which of the following statements is true about the development of themed environments?
Which of the following statements is true about the development of themed environments?
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Study Notes
Cultural Landscape
- Cultural Landscapes are the material outcome of the interaction between people AND the environment.
- Vernacular Landscapes are a type of cultural landscape that evolves over time.
Carl Sauer and the Berkley School
- Argued that culture determines landscape.
- Diverged from previous thinking that thought the environment determined culture.
- Saw culture as a ‘super-organic’ entity that existed at a higher level than the individual.
- Only interested in the material elements of the landscape ‘deposited’ by culture.
Criticisms of Carl Sauer and the Berkley School
- Does not account for how individuals experience places differently.
- Is heavily descriptive and not critical.
- Ignores the non-material (symbolic) aspects of the landscape.
Landscapes Have Meaning
- Individuals are emotionally attached to certain places.
Meanings as Social Constructions
- Social construction: a collective perception of a person, group or idea is constructed through cultural and social practice.
Who’s Meaning?
- Who gets to define the meaning of place?
- Place is invested with meaning in the context of power and politics.
The New Cultural Geography/Cultural Turn
- Meanings of culture are contested because diverse groups of people make up the social fabric of place.
- Recognized that meanings are contested.
- Addresses the wider social and political context in which culture is constituted and expressed.
- Argues that what is visible in the landscape represents the dominant cultural beliefs, norms and values, and renders some perspectives invisible.
Place Meanings and Power
- Dominant groups establish the rules and determine what is ‘normal.’
- Meanings are constructed in the context of power relations.
Reading Symbols in the Landscape
- Iconography: the examination of symbols that are part of the landscape.
- Derelict Landscapes: Show abandonment, mis-use, disinvestment or vandalism.
- Skyscrapers reflect economic development and prosperity, while slums indicate poverty.
- The built landscape ensures that certain values are incorporated in place.
- Public space and a sense of belonging.
Place Consumption
- Place commodification is the construction, marketing, and selling of place and its people as a product to be consumed by a particular market.
- Tourism can be interpreted as a product in which tourists consume an experience.
Place Promotion
- Place promotion presents the world as an image.
- Destination advertisers utilize attention-grabbing images to reassure an individual of the unique experience being offered.
- Advertisements very carefully select images to conjure an image in our minds of place.
Imagined Geographies
- Perceptions of places are created through texts, images and broader cultural understandings.
Theming Environments
- Theming is the planned process of giving an identity to place through physical design and cultural narratives.
- Includes naming places, streets or public spaces with titles that connect to a theme.
Theme Parks
- A self-contained family entertainment complex designed around landscapes, settings, rides, performances, and exhibitions.
- Can be disaggregated, meaning they can be made up of multiple smaller areas, each with its own theme.
Las Vegas: Postmodern City
- Postmodernism: describes the emergence of a society in which popular culture and mass media dominate our sense of reality.
- Pastiche: The conscious mixing of dissimilar styles and spaces to produce a collage of otherwise incompatible genres.
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