Questions and Answers
What was an example of exploitation in the 16th to 19th centuries?
The Atlantic slave trade
What is ethnocentrism?
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.
What are macro cultural regions?
The geographic areas encompassed by different cultural realms around the globe.
What does cultural geography study?
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What is globalization?
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What is colonialism?
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What is imperialism?
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What is an Artifact?
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What is a Built Environment?
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What does the Core-Domain-Sphere Model represent?
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What is a Sociofact?
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What is Cultural Convergence?
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What is Culture/Environmental Perception?
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What is a Culture Realm?
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What does Environmental Determinism refer to?
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What defines a Culture Region?
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What is a Culture Hearth?
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What is a Culture Complex?
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What is a Culture Trait?
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What is Glocalization?
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What is a Custom?
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What defines Folk Culture?
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What is Monoculture?
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What is Food Attraction?
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What is a Habit?
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What is Material Culture?
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What is a Mentifact?
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What defines Popular Culture?
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What is Possibilism?
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What is a Uniform Landscape?
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What is a Taboo?
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What is Apartheid?
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What is Balkanization?
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What is Blockbustering?
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What is a Centripetal Force?
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What is a Centrifugal Force?
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What is Ethnicity?
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What is Ethnic Cleansing?
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Describe the distribution of major ethnicities within the United States.
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Give examples of ethnic conflicts (or genocides) in at least 3 different regions.
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Discuss the roles of nationalism in a state.
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Define and give examples of part-nation states, multi-national states, and stateless nations.
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Explain identity in terms of globalization's role in interconnectedness.
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Discuss colonialism and imperialism's role relative to identity.
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Identify two aspects of gender geography.
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Define culture, cultural geography, and culture regions.
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Identify macro cultural regions and their major language.
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Compare aspects of folk and popular culture.
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Provide examples of folk culture.
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Provide specific examples of popular culture traits.
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Discuss ways cultural traits are affected by and affect the environment.
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Discuss the role of racism and ethnocentrism in cultural landscapes.
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Study Notes
Cultural Concepts
- Artifact: Represents remnants of extinct cultures or places.
- Built Environment: Refers to man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity.
- Core-Domain-Sphere Model: Illustrates levels of concentration of cultural traits in a region.
- Sociofact: Institutions and connections between individuals that unite a culture, such as family and educational systems.
- Cultural Convergence: The process where cultures become more similar due to shared technology and improved communication.
- Culture Hearth: Origin points where specific cultural innovations and ideas emerge and spread.
Culture Definitions
- Culture: A collective of knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behaviors shared within a society. Environmental perception varies based on cultural backgrounds.
- Environmental Determinism: Suggests the natural environment heavily influences human culture and development.
- Possibilism: Contrasts determinism by affirming human adaptability to environmental constraints.
Culture Types and Traits
- Folk Culture: Traditional culture practiced by homogeneous rural communities, resistant to change.
- Popular Culture: Widespread practices found in heterogeneous societies, heavily influenced by media and trends.
- Custom: Repetitive acts that become characteristic of a group.
Cultural Dynamics
- Glocalization: Local individuals adapt global cultural influences to fit regional contexts.
- Monoculture/Placelessness: Dependence on singular agricultural products leading to lost geographical uniqueness.
- Culture Region: Areas where people share similar cultural traits; can encompass multiple traits such as language or dietary habits.
Ethnicity and Identity
- Ethnicity: Shared identity based on ancestry and culture.
- Ethnic Cleansing: Theme of violence where dominant groups remove minority groups.
- Nation-State: A political entity where a single cultural identity predominates.
- Self-Determination: The right of a community to govern itself and make its own decisions.
Conflict and Nationalism
- Balkanization: The fragmentation of states into smaller, often hostile, entities based on ethnic divisions.
- Nationalism: Political ideology emphasizing a shared identity and common culture often promoting unity but can lead to exclusion or violence against outsiders.
- Genocide: The systematic extermination of a cultural or racial group.
Gender and Geography
- Gender Dynamics: Examines the relationships and roles of different genders within society, informed by socio-cultural norms.
Globalization and Culture
- Impact of Globalization: Leads to a homogenization of cultural identities, often diminishing local customs.
- Cultural Geography: Field that studies the spatial variations of cultures across regions.
- Cultural Landscape: The physical manifestation of cultural practices and values in a region.
Historical Context
- Colonialism and Imperialism: Both involve the exploitation or dominance of weaker nations, affecting cultural identities and relationships.
Examples and Specific Traits
- Folk Culture Examples: Traditional architecture, locally-sourced foods, and specific cultural customs like non-consumption of certain animals in specific regions.
- Popular Culture Traits: Franchises and uniformity in geographical locations influenced by mass media, technology, and global supply chains.
Issues of Ethnocentrism and Racism
- Ethnocentrism: Judging other cultures based on the values of one's own, often leading to bias and misunderstanding.
- Racism: A systemic issue resulting in discrimination based on race, stemming from perceived cultural superiority and often tied to histories of exploitation.
Macro Cultural Regions
- Defined as large geographic areas characterized by certain cultural traits and languages, such as Anglo-American (primarily English) and Latin-American (primarily Spanish with diverse influences).
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in popular and folk culture with these flashcards from Chapters 4 and 5. Learn terms like 'artifact,' 'built environment,' and more to deepen your knowledge of cultural studies. Perfect for students exploring cultural geography and anthropology.