28 Questions
What is the concept of 'personal common ground' in child development?
Children's shared attention with an adult leads to a shared experience.
At what age do children start creating personal common ground with specific individuals?
Since birth
What distinguishes 'collective common ground' from 'personal common ground'?
It involves shared cultural experiences within a group.
How do children come to understand cultural common ground?
By recognizing shared cultural experiences within the group
According to Michael Tomasello, when do human infants begin creating personal common ground with specific individuals?
Almost as soon as they engage in joint attention
What is cultural common ground indicative of?
Shared knowledge and practices
What concept does cultural common ground allow for?
Universal point of view
What does the ability to grasp an 'objectively' valid point of view equate to?
Recognizing viewpoints distinct from personal ones
How does joint attention contribute to human cognition, according to Tomasello?
Establishes shared beliefs
"A kind of shared world" is a result of what in human interaction?
Joint attention
What is the main outcome of distinguishing two perspectives within a shared world?
'Objective' contrasted views
Why do great apes not naturally communicate referentially or conventionally?
They lack the shared intentionality infrastructure found in human communication.
According to Stevan Harnad, what is the missing element in individuals who do not combine symbols to define new categories?
Motivation and compulsion to name and describe
How did some individuals discover the power of acquiring categories according to the text?
Through instruction rather than just induction
What is highlighted as a key factor that influenced early humans to acquire categories through instruction?
Sociality, cooperation, and collaboration
What distinguishes human gestural and linguistic communication from that of great apes, according to Michael Tomasello?
Possession of shared intentionality infrastructure
What is meant by 'common attention'?
Two individuals take an observer's perspective on each other and attend to the same thing.
How does 'common attention' contribute to understanding?
It allows individuals to infer what the other is attending to and their awareness of each other's attention.
In common attention, what do individuals not infer about each other?
They both attend to different things.
How is common knowledge achieved in the context of 'common attention'?
Via recursive assumptions, inferences, and perspective-taking.
What additional capability does 'common attention' provide beyond understanding what someone else attends to?
Understanding what the other knows about one's own knowledge or attention.
'Common attention' allows for a more complex appraisal of a situation by:
Facilitating a deeper understanding of shared knowledge and attention.
What kind of inference is mentioned in the text as a building block of human social cognition?
Recursive social inferencing
What can humans do that chimps cannot regarding social understanding?
Think about why someone intends for us to attend to an object
What is a specific example given in the text as something humans can do with their socially recursive inference abilities?
Form cooperative intentions
Based on the text, what is a key problem with the idea that joint attention and mind-reading abilities are innate?
Children with impoverished linguistic experience are severely delayed in false-belief understanding
What is clear regarding the ontogeny of false-belief understanding?
It has a strong maturational component but is not solely innate
When do human infants start engaging others in the manner discussed in the text?
Around nine months of age
Explore the concept of cultural common ground and its role in establishing an agent-neutral point of view according to Michael Tomasello. Learn how shared practices, norms, and institutions contribute to a collective understanding in culture.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
