Cultural Common Ground and Agent-Neutral Point of View

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What is the concept of 'personal common ground' in child development?

Children ignore adults' experiences when forming memories.
Children's individual experiences are not influenced by adults.
Children do not recall experiences they share with adults.
Children's shared attention with an adult leads to a shared experience. (correct)

At what age do children start creating personal common ground with specific individuals?

Since birth (correct)
Around three years old
In early adulthood
During adolescence

What distinguishes 'collective common ground' from 'personal common ground'?

It is exclusive to family members.
It does not require any shared experiences.
It involves shared cultural experiences within a group. (correct)
It is formed at a younger age.

How do children come to understand cultural common ground?

By recognizing shared cultural experiences within the group (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Michael Tomasello, when do human infants begin creating personal common ground with specific individuals?

Almost as soon as they engage in joint attention (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural common ground indicative of?

Shared knowledge and practices (D) Signup and view all the answers

What concept does cultural common ground allow for?

Universal point of view (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the ability to grasp an 'objectively' valid point of view equate to?

Recognizing viewpoints distinct from personal ones (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does joint attention contribute to human cognition, according to Tomasello?

Establishes shared beliefs (C) Signup and view all the answers

"A kind of shared world" is a result of what in human interaction?

Joint attention (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of distinguishing two perspectives within a shared world?

'Objective' contrasted views (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do great apes not naturally communicate referentially or conventionally?

They lack the shared intentionality infrastructure found in human communication. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Stevan Harnad, what is the missing element in individuals who do not combine symbols to define new categories?

Motivation and compulsion to name and describe (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did some individuals discover the power of acquiring categories according to the text?

Through instruction rather than just induction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a key factor that influenced early humans to acquire categories through instruction?

Sociality, cooperation, and collaboration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes human gestural and linguistic communication from that of great apes, according to Michael Tomasello?

Possession of shared intentionality infrastructure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'common attention'?

Two individuals take an observer's perspective on each other and attend to the same thing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does 'common attention' contribute to understanding?

It allows individuals to infer what the other is attending to and their awareness of each other's attention. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In common attention, what do individuals not infer about each other?

They both attend to different things. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is common knowledge achieved in the context of 'common attention'?

Via recursive assumptions, inferences, and perspective-taking. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What additional capability does 'common attention' provide beyond understanding what someone else attends to?

Understanding what the other knows about one's own knowledge or attention. (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Common attention' allows for a more complex appraisal of a situation by:

Facilitating a deeper understanding of shared knowledge and attention. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of inference is mentioned in the text as a building block of human social cognition?

Recursive social inferencing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can humans do that chimps cannot regarding social understanding?

Think about why someone intends for us to attend to an object (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific example given in the text as something humans can do with their socially recursive inference abilities?

Form cooperative intentions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is a key problem with the idea that joint attention and mind-reading abilities are innate?

Children with impoverished linguistic experience are severely delayed in false-belief understanding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is clear regarding the ontogeny of false-belief understanding?

It has a strong maturational component but is not solely innate (D) Signup and view all the answers

When do human infants start engaging others in the manner discussed in the text?

Around nine months of age (C) Signup and view all the answers