Cultural Calendars and Celebrations
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Questions and Answers

What do different cultures celebrate at different times of the year?

  • The New Year (correct)
  • The arrival of a new season
  • The end of social justice movements
  • Historical achievements

How many days does the lunar calendar typically have?

  • 340 days
  • 365 days
  • 354 days (correct)
  • 360 days

What is the primary purpose of the Tzolkin calendar?

  • To track the solar equinoxes
  • To manage agricultural seasons
  • To determine religious and ceremonial events (correct)
  • To align with the Gregorian calendar

What significant event related to calendars occurred in England in 1752?

<p>Riots over the loss of eleven days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many unique days does the Tzolkin calendar produce?

<p>260 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Captain's logs in the Star Trek series?

<p>To reflect on life aboard the spaceship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which calendar is combined with the Tzolkin to form the Calendar Round?

<p>Haabʼ calendar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about the division of the year into new years?

<p>It may be arbitrary and open to discussion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What base time cycle is primarily used in a lunar calendar?

<p>Monthly moon phases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical regions influenced the development of Japan's first calendar?

<p>China and the Korean Peninsula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event did the Egyptians base their solar calendar upon?

<p>The flooding of the Nile River (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What calendar system is used by the characters in Star Trek?

<p>Stardate calendar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What flaw was present in the Egyptian solar calendar system?

<p>Incorrect number of days in a year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key question is posed regarding the celebration of New Year’s?

<p>Should we stop celebrating it as a holiday? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following calendars is widely accepted as a standard in the world and is solar-based?

<p>Gregorian calendar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes a lunar calendar from a solar calendar?

<p>It is based on the moon's phases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a lunar calendar from a lunisolar calendar?

<p>Lunar calendars are purely based on moon cycles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many days does a lunar year roughly consist of?

<p>354 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of purely lunar calendars regarding the seasons?

<p>They cycle through all seasons over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the perspective of Bill Clinton's 1997 Inaugural Address about the state of the world?

<p>Democracy is becoming more widespread than dictatorship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable focus in Bill Clinton's address regarding the future?

<p>The end of history and transition to a new era. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes Bill Clinton's view of the Internet in his address?

<p>A widely accessible resource for education. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trend was not mentioned in Clinton's address regarding the 1990s?

<p>The rise of e-commerce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lasting quality did Clinton hope to inspire in his Inaugural Address for the new millennium?

<p>Hope for the American dream. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote and performed the song '90'?

<p>George Michael (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of adding '90' to the title of the song?

<p>To differentiate it from another song by Wham! (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What song was sampled for the backing beat of '90'?

<p>Funky Drummer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which director was responsible for the music video of '90'?

<p>David Fincher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was notable about George Michael's appearance in the music video for '90'?

<p>He refused to appear in it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the song 'Losing My Religion' released?

<p>1991 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the album that features 'Losing My Religion'?

<p>Out of Time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which band performed 'Losing My Religion'?

<p>R.E.M. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the song 'After the Ball'?

<p>It was the first song to sell over a million copies of sheet music. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What themes are commonly associated with the song 'After the Ball'?

<p>Nostalgia and longing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did John Philip Sousa contribute to the popularity of 'After the Ball'?

<p>He performed it at a major exposition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of state power is highlighted in the content?

<p>States can enforce laws while being constrained. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential interpretation of the songs from the 90s mentioned in the content?

<p>They might depict transitions in societal norms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the song 'Freedom! 90' by George Michael contribute to its era?

<p>By promoting themes of personal empowerment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did 'After the Ball' have on sheet music sales in the 1890s?

<p>It resulted in sales of over five million copies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the type of emotions evoked by sentimental ballads like 'After the Ball'?

<p>They tend to invoke sadness and reflection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'losing my religion' primarily signify in the context of the song?

<p>Feeling frustrated and desperate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the lead singer that wrote 'Losing My Religion'?

<p>Michael Stipe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Losing My Religion' primarily about?

<p>Unrequited love (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which song is the original of the notable 90's pop song 'Torn'?

<p>'Brændt' by Lis Sørensen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the song 'Brændt' translate to in English?

<p>Burned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Lis Sørensen release her first solo album?

<p>1983 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major theme did Michael Stipe express about 'Losing My Religion'?

<p>Romantic yearning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was 'Brændt' released?

<p>1993 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

New Year celebrations

Different cultures mark the start of a new year on various dates, demonstrating the arbitrary nature of such divisions.

Stardates

A universal calendar system used in the Star Trek universe.

Lunar calendar

A calendar system that is based on the moon's cycle, usually containing 354 days.

Calendar divisions

The methods of dividing a year into different time periods.

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Arbitrary divisions

Divisions of time that lack a clear, objective basis.

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Universal calendar

A calendar system applicable to a large geographic region or galaxy.

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Calendar transition

The act of changing or modifying a calendar system.

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Star Trek Beyond

A movie in the Star Trek franchise featuring Captain Kirk.

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Mayan Calendar

A system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and modern communities, consisting of multiple cycles, including the 260-day Tzolkin and the 365-day Haab.

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Tzolkin

A 260-day cyclical count in the Mayan calendar, combining 20 day names with 13 numbers.

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Haab

A 365-day solar year in the Mayan calendar used along with the Tzolkin, forming a 52-year cycle.

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Solar Calendar

A calendar system that determines dates based on the Sun's position relative to the stars.

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Gregorian Calendar

A widely used solar calendar based on the Earth's rotation around the Sun.

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Lunar Calendar

A calendar system based on the Moon's phases, measuring time according to lunar cycles.

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Islamic Calendar

A widely used lunar calendar, based on the Moon's revolution around the Earth.

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Calendar Round

The 52-year cycle formed by combining the 260-day Tzolkin and 365-day Haab in the Mayan calendar.

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Lunar Calendar

A calendar system based on the moon's cycle, approximately 29-30 days per month.

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Lunisolar Calendar

A calendar system that aligns lunar months with the solar year using adjustments like leap months.

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Lunar Year Length

A lunar year is roughly 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 34 seconds.

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Intercalation

The insertion of a leap month to keep a purely lunar calendar in sync with the solar year.

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1990s Inaugural Address

A speech by Bill Clinton in 1997, reflecting on the changing world, specifically the internet's increasing role, and the rise of democracy.

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End of History

A political or philosophical theory that suggests that liberal democracy has triumphed over its adversaries in the world.

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1996 Millennium

The year 2000, viewed as a turning point between the 20th and 21st centuries.

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Purely Lunar Calendar Seasons

In a purely lunar calendar, the lunar months will cycle through the seasons of a solar year approximately every 33–34 lunar-year cycle.

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Democracy

A system of government where citizens vote for their representatives and the government follows the will of the people.

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Authority + Strength

The ability of a government to enforce its laws and provide services.

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Constrained State

A state where rulers and government officials are subject to the law.

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1890s Music

Songs from the 1890s often evoked strong emotions like sadness or shock, in a sentimental way.

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"After the Ball"

A very famous 1892 song, that sold over five million copies of sheets music in the 1890s; a sentimental ballad by Charles K. Harris.

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"Freedom! 90"

A 1990s song by George Michael.

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Transitional Periods

Time periods in history that have significant changes.

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World Columbian Exposition

An event held in Chicago in 1893, where John Philip Sousa played music. Its significance is its impact on the sales of music sheets.

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George Michael's '90'

A 1990 song by George Michael, distinguished from a similar-titled Wham! song. The song uses a sample from James Brown's 'Funky Drummer'.

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'90' Song Sample

A portion of James Brown's 'Funky Drummer' was used in the music track

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Music Video Refusal

George Michael did not appear in the video for his song '90'.

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REM's "Losing My Religion"

A popular 1991 alternative rock song by the band R.E.M.

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1991 Release

"Losing My Religion" was released by Warner Bros. in February 1991.

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Alternative Rock

A music genre that blends rock music with other genres like punk and pop.

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Warner Bros. Record

An American record label affiliated with the Warner Bros. entertainment company.

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Out of Time Album

A 1991 alternative rock studio album by the band R.E.M.

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Losing My Religion

A song by R.E.M. about unrequited love, famously using the Southern US expression "losing my religion" which in this context doesn't refer to religious matters.

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Michael Stipe

The lead singer of R.E.M. who wrote "Losing My Religion."

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Unrequited Love

A love that is not reciprocated, a feeling of love that is not returned.

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"Torn" by Natalie Imbruglia

A popular 90s song, actually a cover of Lis Sørensen's 'Brændt'.

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Lis Sørensen's "Brændt"

The original song, recorded by Lis Sorensen, of the popular 90's song, "Torn" by Natalie Imbruglia.

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Cover song

A song that is recorded by one artist, who based their recording on the song's original recording by another artist.

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1990s Pop Song

Popular music from the 1990s

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Danish Singer

A musician from Denmark, generally relating to the pop/rock musical scene

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Study Notes

Touring Ends of Eras

  • Different cultures celebrate the new year in various ways, highlighting the arbitrary nature of calendar divisions.
  • The article explores the different calendars, including the Gregorian, Julian, Hindu, Japanese, Korean, Islamic and Mayan calendars.
  • Each calendar has unique characteristics, such as the way time is tracked, the calculation of leap years, and the significance of specific dates.
  • The article also discusses the Gregorian calendar's implementation and transition in countries like the UK
  • The Gregorian calendar's implementation and transition in 1752, a time of civil unrest.
  • The change from the Julian to Gregorian calendar in 1752, which resulted in a loss of eleven days in the UK, but historians now believe there were no significant protests.
  • The significance of specific festivals and auspicious days in different calendars
  • A variety of musical examples related to the respective eras were also highlighted in the article
  • Various songs and artists of the 90's were examined and their themes and messages, such as the themes of romantic expression, loss of religion, love and the concept of time and change, were discussed.
  • The concept of "the end of history" proposed by Francis Fukuyama, which was a notable theory and topic of debate in the 1990s, is discussed.
  • Inaugural address delivered by William J. Clinton in 1997, analyzing its contents and relevance to the contemporary world
  • 1990s was a period of transition in several countries, with the rise of the internet, globalization, growing awareness of global issues, new political and cultural developments that influenced societal changes.

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Touring Ends of Eras (PDF)

Description

Explore how various cultures celebrate the new year across different calendars, including Gregorian, Hindu, and Islamic. This quiz delves into the unique characteristics of each calendar, the historical transitions, and their cultural significance. From festivals to musical examples, discover the connections between time and tradition.

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