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Questions and Answers

How many subjects are included in the Union List?

  • 66
  • 47
  • 97 (correct)
  • 110

    • In which List is the Post and Telegraph subject categorized?

  • Union (correct)
  • State
  • Concurrent
  • Local

    • Who can legislate on subjects in the State List during President’s rule?

  • Parliament (correct)
  • Only State Legislature
  • State Governor
  • Both State Legislature and Parliament

    • Trade and Commerce is categorized under which List?

    <p>Concurrent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which commission was appointed to improve Centre-State relations?

    <p>Sarkaria Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Sarkaria Commission emphasize regarding federalism?

    <p>Functional arrangement for co-operative action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body did the Sarkaria Commission recommend for establishing permanent relations?

    <p>Inter-State Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach did the founding fathers of the Indian Constitution take towards governance?

    <p>Co-operative federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated about the nature of the Indian Constitution in relation to federalism?

    <p>It is federal in structure but unitary in spirit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature showcases the tilt towards a strong centre in India?

    <p>Appointment of Governors by the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content suggest is needed for improving Centre-State relations?

    <p>Economic liberalization and constitutional amendments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the relationship between the Union and the States according to the content?

    <p>Cooperative federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Constitution address the resolution of disputes between the Union and the States?

    <p>With a strong judiciary and written guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstance can proposals for amendment to the Constitution be initiated?

    <p>Only by the central government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a demand made by the states regarding their powers?

    <p>Increased autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a non-federal feature of the Indian Constitution?

    <p>Federal structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of taxes can the Centre levy and retain entirely?

    <p>Customs duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What authority does the President have during a financial emergency regarding tax division?

    <p>To suspend the tax division provisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of taxes is NOT collected by the Union but can be assigned to the States?

    <p>Stamp duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily the limitation imposed on the states regarding planning and execution?

    <p>Centralized planning by the Planning Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxes are collected by both the Centre and the States but may be distributed based on parliamentary law?

    <p>Union excise duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation demonstrates a state not exercising independent fiscal authority?

    <p>States executing centre-sponsored schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of taxes are primarily aimed at benefiting the States while being levied by the Centre?

    <p>Union excise duties on medicinal preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the over-centralized planning system created by the Planning Commission?

    <p>Imposition of inflexible conditions on state expenditures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Governor in the Indian federal system?

    <p>Act as an agent of the Centre in the States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect demonstrates a deviation from the true federal structure in India?

    <p>Equal representation of all States in the Rajya Sabha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the financial independence of Indian States best characterized?

    <p>States primarily rely on the Union for financial resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation can the Union Government take direct control of a State's finances?

    <p>During a Financial Emergency declared by Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature reflects the unitary bias in the Indian federal structure?

    <p>The Union's ability to alter the boundaries of States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the imposition of National Emergency on State administration?

    <p>It allows the Centre to manage the State's administration directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following appointments are controlled by the Union Government?

    <p>The Chief Election Commissioner and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Indian federal system lack compared to a true federation like the USA?

    <p>Provision for separate Constitutions for the states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Constitution of India that distinguishes it as a federation?

    <p>It establishes a written constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment procedure reflects the rigid nature of the Indian Constitution?

    <p>It mandates a special majority of Parliament and state consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of governance is ensured by the division of powers in the Indian Constitution?

    <p>Clear limits on the functions of the Centre and the States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Union List in the Indian Constitution primarily consist of?

    <p>Nationally significant subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Constitution of India considered the most elaborate in the world?

    <p>It covers various aspects of governance in detail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having a rigid constitution in a federal system?

    <p>It protects against arbitrary changes in governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Indian Constitution is incorrect?

    <p>It is entirely flexible in its amendment process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the rigid amendment procedure in the Indian Constitution?

    <p>It restricts arbitrary alterations to fundamental laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature describes the Indian Constitution in relation to its federal structure?

    <p>Unitary in spirit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body is empowered to change the area of a State in India?

    <p>Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which list contains powers allocated exclusively to the Centre?

    <p>Union List</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of legislative relations, how are powers divided between the Centre and States?

    <p>Through a threefold division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of representation in the upper house of Parliament in India?

    <p>Unequal representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the Indian federal structure according to constitutional experts?

    <p>Semi-federal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body has control over all Indian Services?

    <p>Union Government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The criticism of India being a federal State with unitary features suggests what about its governance?

    <p>Central authority dominates the States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Indian Federal System

    • The founding fathers of the Indian Constitution adopted a federal structure.
    • A federal system has a two-tier government with clearly defined powers and functions for each level.
    • Central and state governments operate independently within their defined spheres, but collaborate to achieve national goals.
    • Objectives of this lesson include recalling the nature of federalism, explaining India's adoption of a federal system, recognizing federal and unitary features in the Indian Constitution, justifying the need for a strong central government, listing the processes of central and state governments, analyzing the federal/unitary nature of India's system, recognizing the legislative, administrative and financial relationships between the center and states, evaluating the power balance between the center and states, and recognizing demands for state autonomy.

    Features of Indian Federalism

    • The Indian Constitution has federal features, though it doesn't explicitly self-define as a federation.
    • A key feature is a written constitution that outlines the powers and responsibilities of both the central and state governments.
    • The constitution is considered relatively rigid, with amendments requiring specific majorities in both houses of parliament and often state approval.
    • A division of powers is established through different lists (Union, State, and Concurrent) of subjects, providing areas of authority for both the central and state governments.
    • An independent judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, safeguards the constitution and disputes between the central and state governments.

    Nature of Indian Federation

    • India's constitution, while establishing a federal structure, incorporates non-federal aspects.
    • The term "Union of States" indicates a permanent framework, negating the ability of states to secede.
    • The central government appoints state governors and can take over state administration under specific circumstances.
    • States don't have equal representation in the Upper House (Rajya Sabha) like in some other federal systems.
    • The central government holds significant power over important appointments and control over certain administrative services.
    • States' financial dependence on the central government is substantial.
    • Central control over the administrative system is robust, including All-India Services.

    Centre-State Relations

    • Legislative relations are structured with three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent, distinguishing subjects of national interest.
    • These lists define the legislative authority of the central and state governments.
    • Administrative relations emphasize cooperation and coordination between center and state.
    • Central government has significant power to direct state actions and oversee administrative processes, especially during national emergencies.

    Financial Relations

    • The distribution of financial resources is critical for the center-state relationship.
    • Both the center and states have independent sources of revenue (taxes).
    • Central government typically controls revenue sources with national scope, while states control local revenue sources.

    Demand for Greater Autonomy

    • The founding fathers prioritized national unity and integrity.
    • Existing relations between center and states have sometimes been strained.
    • Commissions like the Sarkaria Commission were constituted to improve center-state relations.
    • States frequently advocate for greater autonomy, emphasizing the need for increased financial and administrative flexibility.

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