CTE: Understanding the Diagnosis and Research
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method of diagnosing CTE?

  • Through a CT scan
  • Through an MRI
  • Through an autopsy (correct)
  • Through a blood test

    • There is a known cure for CTE.

    False

    What is the minimum number of days of recovery recommended for players under 18 after a concussion?

    19

    A build-up of the protein called _______ interferes with the functioning of neurons in CTE.

    <p>Tau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sports with their concussion recovery protocols:

    <p>AFL = 12 days of rest, recovery, and rehabilitation for adult players Rugby = 12 days of rest, recovery, and rehabilitation for adult players Rugby (Under 18) = At least 19 days of recovery before playing another match</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CTE research is a well-established field with little unknown.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of diagnosing Parkinson's disease?

    <p>To rule out other possible diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a cure for Parkinson's disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of deep brain stimulation in treating Parkinson's disease?

    <p>To surgically insert electrodes into the brain to reduce symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recent research suggests that Parkinson's may begin in the ______________ with constipation as a very early symptom.

    <p>gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) commonly found in?

    <p>Ex-players of contact sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a medical test to diagnose CTE in a living person.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?

    <p>Memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to differentiate brain injury from neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and ADHD?

    <p>Acquired brain injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurogenesis occurs only in the hippocampus of the mammalian brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to Phineas Gage's personality after his brain injury?

    <p>His personality changed from friendliness to impatient, crudely spoken and aggressive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural stem cells have exciting possibilities in the treatment of ______________ disorders and brain injuries.

    <p>neurodegenerative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of brain injury with their characteristics:

    <p>Traumatic Brain Injury = Occurs when external force causes damage to the brain Acquired Brain Injury = Occurs after birth, such as through accidents and degenerative disorders Non-Traumatic Brain Injury = Due to internal factors such as lack of oxygen or a tumour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liam Knight's case study is an example of traumatic brain injury.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the brain's ability to reorganize itself after injury or damage?

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biological factor that Phineas Gage experienced after his brain injury?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

    • CTE is a progressive and fatal brain degeneration caused by repeated blows to the head and repeated episodes of concussion.
    • It is commonly found in ex-players of contact sports such as AFL.
    • Symptoms include memory loss, mood changes, personality changes, erratic and impulsive behavior, confusion and disorientation, difficulty thinking, and motor impairments such as tremors.
    • CTE can only be properly diagnosed by examining sections of the brain in an autopsy.
    • There is a build-up of a protein called Tau that interferes with the functioning of the neurons.
    • There is no known cure for CTE and treatments are all based around supporting the individual.

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Diagnosis involves ruling out other possible diseases via MRI and PET scans and lab tests.
    • There is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but some treatments help reduce the severity of the symptoms.
    • Treatment options include medication that increases the amount of dopamine in the brain and deep brain stimulation where electrodes are surgically inserted into the brain.
    • Research has shown that Parkinson's may begin in the gut with constipation as a very early symptom, and individuals with PD have decreased levels of certain gut microbiota associated with good neural health.

    Acquired Brain Injuries

    • Acquired brain injury is used to differentiate brain injury from neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and ADHD that people are born with and damage that occurs after birth.
    • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a type of acquired brain injury that occurs when external force causes damage to the brain.

    Case Studies

    • Phineas Gage Case Study: Discuss the Bio-Psycho-Social changes in Phineas Gage's life after his brain injury, including biological factors (pain, fever, loss of eyesight, and epilepsy), psychological factors (personality changes), and social factors (difficulty keeping a job and struggling to maintain friendships).
    • Liam Knight Case Study: Study the general Bio-Psycho-Social functions after brain injury.

    Non-Traumatic Brain Injury

    • This is a type of brain injury that is due to some internal factor such as lack of oxygen or a tumor.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the diagnosis and research of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a brain condition caused by protein build-up, and its connection to severe sporting injuries. Learn about the current state of CTE research and treatment.

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