Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
Which of the following services relies on DNS for secure connections?
Which of the following services relies on DNS for secure connections?
What is the first step a computer takes when attempting to resolve an IP address using DNS?
What is the first step a computer takes when attempting to resolve an IP address using DNS?
What range of IP addresses defines localhost?
What range of IP addresses defines localhost?
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If a computer's own address and cache do not contain the required information, what is the next step it will take in the DNS resolution process?
If a computer's own address and cache do not contain the required information, what is the next step it will take in the DNS resolution process?
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What must be true for a secondary zone to be created?
What must be true for a secondary zone to be created?
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Which statement about secondary zones is correct?
Which statement about secondary zones is correct?
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What initiates a zone transfer between DNS servers?
What initiates a zone transfer between DNS servers?
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In zone transfer settings, which option allows a secondary server to attempt to renew its zone information?
In zone transfer settings, which option allows a secondary server to attempt to renew its zone information?
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How are traditional forwarders configured in DNS Manager?
How are traditional forwarders configured in DNS Manager?
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What happens if multiple forwarders are specified in DNS configuration?
What happens if multiple forwarders are specified in DNS configuration?
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What is the effect of failing to contact the primary DNS server during a zone transfer?
What is the effect of failing to contact the primary DNS server during a zone transfer?
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Which of the following is NOT a method to configure how frequently zone transfers occur?
Which of the following is NOT a method to configure how frequently zone transfers occur?
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What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
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Which type of DNS query involves the server processing the request until a definitive answer is found?
Which type of DNS query involves the server processing the request until a definitive answer is found?
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In DNS, what does the term 'zone' refer to?
In DNS, what does the term 'zone' refer to?
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Which type of DNS server holds a complete copy of a zone’s resource records?
Which type of DNS server holds a complete copy of a zone’s resource records?
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Which DNS resource record translates domain names to IP addresses?
Which DNS resource record translates domain names to IP addresses?
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How can dynamic updates in DNS be configured?
How can dynamic updates in DNS be configured?
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What is the main purpose of a Mail Exchanger (MX) record in DNS?
What is the main purpose of a Mail Exchanger (MX) record in DNS?
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What information does the Start of Authority (SOA) record contain?
What information does the Start of Authority (SOA) record contain?
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What is the role of a Forwarder DNS server?
What is the role of a Forwarder DNS server?
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Which DNS record type is specifically used to map IP addresses back to hostname?
Which DNS record type is specifically used to map IP addresses back to hostname?
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What does a CNAME record do in DNS?
What does a CNAME record do in DNS?
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What is the primary difference between an authoritative server and a caching-only server?
What is the primary difference between an authoritative server and a caching-only server?
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What happens when a dynamic DNS record expires?
What happens when a dynamic DNS record expires?
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Study Notes
CST8200 - Windows Domain Administration
- Course is taught by Denis Latremouille
- Week 2 topics include Windows Server, Case Study Review, DNS Install, Configure, Manage, and DNS Demo
Introduction to Domain Name System
- DNS is used to resolve names to IP addresses and vice versa
- Computers communicate with numbers, but people prefer names
- Many other services rely on DNS for various purposes
- Authentication and certificate authorities use DNS for security
- Dynamic DNS allows computers to locate each other even with dynamic IPs
DNS Order of Operations
- When a computer needs an IP address, it first checks
- Localhost (127.0.0.1 - 127.255.255.254)
- DNS cache
- HOST file
- If not found, the computer requests the information from its DNS resolver over UDP port 53
- The DNS server handles the information exchange
Introduction to Domain Name System (Continued)
- DNS is a distributed hierarchical database of computer names and IP addresses
- No single database contains all data
- Finding an address requires querying multiple DNS servers within a hierarchy
DNS Naming Hierarchy
- A visual hierarchy (tree structure) of domains
- Top-level domains (TLDs) (e.g., .com, .edu)
- Second-level domains (e.g., microsoft.com, cengage)
- Subdomains (e.g., mdsn.microsoft.com, downloads.microsoft.com)
The DNS Database
- A zone is a grouping of DNS information for one or more domains and subdomains
- Zones contain resource records with information about network resources
- Resource records are identified by codes (e.g., A, AAAA, MX, NS)
- Examples of helpful analogies and explanations are provided via Youtube links
The DNS Lookup Process
- Two types of DNS lookups: iterative and recursive
- Iterative: the server returns the best match or a referral
- Recursive: the server continues the lookup until a response is found or a "don't know" message is returned
- DNS clients maintain static DNS entries
DNS Server Roles
- Authoritative servers hold complete zone copies
- Forwarders send unresolved requests to other servers
- Conditional forwarders target requests for specific domains
- Caching-only servers cache results after recursive lookups or forwarder requests
Configuring DNS
- Three key aspects: DNS zones (forward lookup, reverse lookup), DNS resource records, DNS server settings
- Various record types (e.g., A, NS, MX, CNAME, AAAA, PTR, SRV)
Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones
- Forward lookup zones (FLZ) translate names to IP addresses (e.g., A, AAAA, MX records)
- Reverse lookup zones (RLZ) map IP addresses to names (e.g., PTR records)
Zone Type
- Primary zones are read/write masters
- Secondary zones are read-only copies
- Stub zones contain only SOA and NS records for resolving NS records
Dynamic Updates
- Dynamic updates allow client computers to register and dynamically update their resource records with a DNS server
- Configurable options for secure, nonsecure, and no dynamic updates; security is emphasized
Creating DNS Resource Records
- Resource records can be created dynamically or statically
- Dynamic records created through a resource or DHCP server
- Static records created manually by an administrator or automatically by Windows
Host (A and AAAA) Records
- Used for mapping hostnames to IP addresses
Canonical Name (CNAME) Records
- Create aliases for other domain name records within the DNS database
Pointer (PTR) Records
- Resolve IP addresses to hostnames, primarily found in reverse lookup zones
Mail Exchanger (MX) Records
- Used by mail services to identify mail servers for a domain
Service Location (SRV) Records
- Specify hostname and port numbers for specific services, crucial for Active Directory operation
Creating Dynamic DNS Records
- Dynamic DNS records are created and updated by a DHCP server when an IP address is leased or renewed
- Time-to-Live (TTL) value specifies the duration a record remains in the DNS database; expired records are removed
Configuring DNS Zones
- DNS Manager allows viewing and changing zones
- Options include status, type, replication, dynamic updates, and aging
Start of Authority (SOA) Records
- SOA records contain fundamental information identifying the server responsible for a zone, along with operational parameters
Name Server (NS) Records
- Specify authoritative servers for a zone, including FQDN and IP addresses
- Glue records contain IP addresses for name servers
- Domain name registry holds information about domain names and registrants
Creating Secondary Zones and Configuring Zone Transfers
- Secondary zones are read-only copies of primary zones
- Changes are made on the primary server and then transferred to secondary servers
Zone Transfer Settings
- Zone transfers copy zone data between DNS servers
- Configuration options include refresh intervals, DNS notify methods and the like
Configuring Traditional Forwarders
- Traditional forwarders are configured to direct queries to external DNS
- Servers are queried sequentially in order. A root server is used if queried from a forwarder does not give a result.
Configuring Conditional Forwarders
- Conditional forwarders resolve queries from locally stored records, DNS cache, conditional forwarders, traditional forwarders, and recursively using root hints.
Monitoring and Troubleshooting DNS
- Troubleshooting involves understanding where DNS is used and monitoring or using tools like DNS Manager, dcdiag, dnscmd, PowerShell, Event Viewer, dnslint, nslookup, ping, ipconfig, etc. DNS problems frequently involve performance issues.
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Description
This quiz covers the Week 2 topics of CST8200, focusing on Windows Server and the Domain Name System (DNS). Topics include DNS installation, configuration, management, and related case studies. Dive into how DNS operates within the context of Windows Domain Administration.
