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Interconnection Networks

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Questions and Answers

Define Hop

A stop at a router along the path between source and destination. The number of hops is determined by the network topology.

Define Latency

Latency is determined by the number of routers (hops) between source and destination. Also includes the serialization latency: which is the number of cycles requires to transmit a packet across a link.

Write the formula for Interconnection Network Latency:

T = num_hops * routing_latency + (length_of_packet / link_bandwidth)

Define Diameter

maximum distance between any two nodes Signup and view all the answers

Link Bandwidth

The maximum rate at which a packet can be streamed through a link. Signup and view all the answers

Define Bisection Bandwidth

minimum number of links that you have to cut a partition a network into two parts. Gives us an understanding about the throughput of the network. Signup and view all the answers

Topology

describes the connections between the routers in the network. Signup and view all the answers

Define Degree

<h1>links per node</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Radix

<h1>ports per router</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Routing

the act of choosing a path between sender A and receiver B. Signup and view all the answers

Flit

the flow control unit. (i.e. the unit of buffering) Signup and view all the answers

Phit

Unit of data that gets transmitted across a physical link in one cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Packet

consists of one or more flits. Signup and view all the answers

define adaptive routing

path changes based on the state of the network. Try to adapt to what is currently happening. If packet encounters congestion, can use the other dimension. Minimal if it always moves towards the destination. Not deadlock free if full-adaptive is allowed. We can create deadlock-free adaptive routing by eliminating some turns. Signup and view all the answers

define source routing

full path is determined at the source node. Signup and view all the answers

define dimension order routing

for mesh-based networks. Choose a fixed order of traversing the dimensions of a k-ary n-mesh. Go as far as necessary in one-dimension and then as far as necessary in the other until you reach the destination, cannot switch back and forth between dimensions. Signup and view all the answers

How do you remove deadlock in a mesh-based network?

One way to remove this in a k-ary n-cube is to turn the cycle into a spiral. by providing a 2nd set of channels that wrap around. Signup and view all the answers

Draw a 3-ary 2-cube.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Do 11.7 exercises 2b and 2c.