CSS Grid Layout Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does 1vw represent in terms of viewport width?

  • 100% of the viewport width
  • 0.1% of the viewport width
  • 1% of the viewport width (correct)
  • 10% of the viewport width
  • The height of the hero section is defined as 50vh.

    False (B)

    What is the purpose of a hero section on a website?

    To grab attention and create a strong first impression.

    The CSS property for making images responsive is called ______.

    <p>max-width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following CSS properties with their description:

    <p>display: flex = Aligns items vertically or horizontally height: 100vh = Sets element height to 100% of viewport border-radius: 5px = Creates rounded corners padding: 0.8rem 1.6rem = Adds space inside an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property is used to create a grid container in CSS?

    <p>grid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By default, CSS Grid creates multiple columns for the grid layout.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit allows for flexible column sizing in CSS Grid?

    <p>fr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To define two columns of 25% and 75%, use the property grid-template-______.

    <p>columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the total width of columns exceeds 100% with a fixed grid width?

    <p>The columns overflow the container. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The percentage values in the grid are based on the height of the grid container.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of giving a grid container a fixed height?

    <p>It divides the area into equally-sized rows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common screen resolution for Full HD?

    <p>1920 x 1080 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fixed width layout changes size based on the user's browser window size.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CSS stand for?

    <p>Cascading Style Sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aspect ratio of a screen defines the proportion between its width and ____.

    <p>height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following screen resolutions with their corresponding names:

    <p>1920 x 1080 = Full HD 2560 x 1440 = WQHD 3840 x 2160 = Ultra HD 360 x 800 = Mobile resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which CSS property is used to create a grid layout for a calculator's buttons?

    <p>display: grid; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responsive web design allows websites to adjust to different screen sizes.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many columns are specified in the grid layout for the calculator's CSS?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value does the 'prefers-color-scheme' feature accept?

    <p>light (C), dark (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'max-width' feature can be used to specify the minimum width of a viewport.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CSS property would you use to change the background color for smaller screens?

    <p>background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a media query, 'and' is an example of a ________ operator.

    <p>logical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which CSS rule will apply to screens with a width of 768 pixels or less?

    <p>body { background: blue; } (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the CSS properties with their corresponding functionalities:

    <p>max-height = Sets the maximum height of the viewport min-width = Sets the minimum width of the viewport height = Defines the height of the viewport including scrollbar width = Defines the width of the viewport excluding scrollbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'flex-direction' property can only be applied to elements that have a display property set to flex.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the screen is 600px or smaller, the ________ will load.

    <p>smallscreen.css</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the grid-template-areas property do in CSS?

    <p>It names each area of the grid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minmax function in CSS can only define minimum values for grid elements.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CSS property would you use to define a grid layout?

    <p>display: grid;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ keyword in CSS creates as many grid tracks as will fit within the container.

    <p>auto-fill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following keywords with their descriptions:

    <p>auto-fill = Creates additional empty tracks as space allows. auto-fit = Adjusts items to fill available space. minmax = Sets minimum and maximum sizes for grid items. grid-area = Assigns a child to a specific area of the grid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of grid layouts, which option describes the purpose of the grid-area property?

    <p>To define the area where a grid item is placed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The grid-template-columns property can only take fixed values.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you resize the browser window with a grid that uses the auto-fill keyword?

    <p>The grid adapts and creates extra empty tracks if space is available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CSS rule 'max-width: 100%' accomplish for images?

    <p>It ensures images never exceed their original size while allowing them to scale down. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aspect-ratio property must be used along with the height property to maintain the desired dimensions of an image.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of media queries in CSS?

    <p>To apply styles based on the characteristics of devices, such as screen size or orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In CSS, the property that restricts the maximum size of an image is called ______.

    <p>max-width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following CSS properties with their functions:

    <p>max-width = Prevents image from exceeding original width aspect-ratio = Sets a specific aspect ratio for an element width = Defines the width of an element height = Specifies the height of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum width condition in the following media query: '@media screen and (min-width: 300px)'?

    <p>300 pixels wide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'print' media type in CSS targets devices that only display on screens.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CSS rule would restrict an image to a maximum width of 400px while still being responsive?

    <p>img { width: 100%; max-width: 400px; height: auto; }</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    CSS Grid Layout

    A two-dimensional grid-based layout system for flexible rows and columns, defined entirely in CSS.

    Grid Container

    The element that houses the grid structure, styled with the display: grid or display: inline-grid property.

    grid-template-columns

    CSS property used to define the number and size of columns in a grid layout.

    fr unit

    A CSS unit for flexible column sizing in a grid layout, allocating space based on available remaining space.

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    Percentage-based sizing (columns)

    Column width specified as percentages based on the total container width.

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    Dynamic row height

    Grid rows adjust their size automatically based on content.

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    Fixed height container, grid

    If grid container has fixed height then rows will be equally sized based on fixed height value

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    Column overflow

    Columns using percentages may overflow container if width is limited by fixed width and gaps.

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    CSS grid-template-areas

    A property used to name grid areas, allowing you to refer to specific areas of a grid layout using names.

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    CSS grid-area

    Specifies which area of a grid a grid item occupies. This property uses names from grid-template-areas to place the element.

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    CSS minmax() function

    Defines a minimum and maximum size for a grid track (row or column).

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    CSS repeat(count, size) function

    Creates multiple grid tracks with a fixed or flexible size.

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    CSS auto-fill keyword

    Dynamically creates grid tracks based on available space when the grid has more items than tracks.

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    CSS auto-fit keyword

    Adjusts the size of the grid items to fill the available space, potentially resizing existing track sizes

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    Grid Track

    A row or column in a CSS Grid layout.

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    Responsive Grid Layout

    CSS grid layouts that adapt based on screen size.

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    Hero Section

    The prominent section at the top of a webpage, designed to grab attention and create a strong first impression. Often includes a large image and compelling text.

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    calc() Function

    A CSS function that allows you to perform mathematical calculations within CSS styles. Used to calculate width, height, margins, paddings, etc., using different units and operators.

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    Responsive Images

    Images that adjust their size and proportions based on the size of the screen or container, providing a smooth viewing experience across different devices.

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    100vh Height

    A height set to 100% of the viewport height (the visible portion of the screen). Used to make elements span the entire screen height.

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    Responsive Web Design

    Designing websites that adapt to different screen sizes and resolutions, providing optimal user experience across various devices.

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    Screen Resolution

    The number of pixels displayed on a screen, determining image sharpness and detail.

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    Aspect Ratio

    The ratio of screen width to height, influencing how content fits and looks.

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    Fixed Width Layout

    A website design where the content width remains constant regardless of screen size, using horizontal scrollbars if needed.

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    Horizontal Scrollbars

    Bars that appear at the bottom of a webpage when the content width exceeds the screen width.

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    grid-template-columns Property

    A CSS property used to define the number and size of columns in a CSS Grid layout.

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    CSS max-width

    The max-width property in CSS allows you to set the maximum width of an element. The element will only be scaled up to the specified width, but will shrink if necessary to fit within its container.

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    Image Aspect Ratio

    The aspect-ratio property in CSS allows you to define the fixed ratio between the width and height of an image, helping to preserve its original proportions.

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    What are Media Queries?

    Media Queries are a powerful CSS feature that allows you to apply different styles based on the characteristics of the device viewing your website, such as screen size, orientation, or resolution.

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    Media Query Components

    Media queries have three main components: the @media at-rule that signals the start of the query, a media type (like 'screen' or 'print') that defines the target device, and media features that specify conditions like screen width.

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    Media Feature Example

    An example of a media feature is (min-width: 300px) and (max-width: 700px), which selects devices with screen widths between 300 and 700 pixels.

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    Why use Media Queries?

    Media queries enable responsive design, allowing websites to adapt their layout and appearance based on the viewing device. This improves user experience and ensures optimal readability on different screen sizes.

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    Media Query

    A CSS rule that applies styles based on certain conditions like screen size, orientation, or resolution.

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    Viewport

    The visible area of a web page in a browser window, including the dimensions and orientation.

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    Logical Operators in Media Queries

    Operators such as 'and', 'or', and 'not' that combine multiple media query conditions for more specific targeting.

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    Screen Orientation

    Specifies whether the screen is in portrait (taller than wide) or landscape (wider than tall) mode.

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    Viewport Dimensions

    Properties like 'width', 'height', 'max-width', 'max-height', 'min-width', and 'min-height' define the dimensions of the viewport.

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    Color Scheme Preference

    The user preference for light or dark color schemes, detected by the 'prefers-color-scheme' media query.

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    Flexbox Responsiveness

    Using media queries to adjust flexbox properties like 'flex-direction' to create different layouts for various screen sizes.

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    External Media Queries in HTML

    Including media queries within the tag used to load different CSS files based on screen conditions.

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    Study Notes

    CSS Grid Layout

    • CSS Grid Layout is a two-dimensional grid-based layout system.
    • Rows and columns are defined in CSS, not HTML.
    • Useful for creating flexible layouts like galleries and newspapers.

    Creating a Grid Container

    • To create a grid container, set the element's display property to grid (container becomes a block element) or inline-grid (container becomes an inline element).
    • The height of a grid parent can grow/shrink.

    Grid Items

    • background: #ffcc00;
    • border: 2px solid black;
    • padding: 10px;

    Adding Columns

    • grid-template-columns property is used to add more columns.
    • Can use percentage values (25% 75%) or fr (fraction) units (1fr 3fr).
    • fr-based columns are flexible—they won't shrink below their minimum content size.

    Grid Areas

    • Can name areas of the grid with grid-template-areas.
    • This makes layouts more structured & easier to manage.

    Minmax

    • minmax(min, max) function specifies the minimum and maximum width/height of a column/row.
    • It can be useful for adjusting layouts depending on how available space.

    Auto-Fill/Auto-Fit

    • auto-fill keyword automatically creates as many grid tracks (rows or columns) as will fit within the container.
    • If there's extra space, it adds empty tracks.
    • auto-fit keyword adjusts the grid items so they fill the available space.

    Aligning Items

    • justify-content, justify-items, align-content, align-items are used to align items within grid containers horizontally or vertically.
    • Similar options found in flexbox.
    • Useful for controlling the alignment of a specific grid child using justify-self or align-self.

    Aspect Ratio Properties

    • The aspect ratio of the image can be set using aspect-ratio (width/height ratio).

    Screen Resolution

    • Resolution is the number of pixels displayed on a screen (width x height).
    • Higher resolution = sharper images/text.
    • Common resolutions include 1920x1080(Full HD), 2560x1440(WQHD), 3840x2160(Ultra HD), etc.
    • Aspect ratio describes the proportion between width and height.

    Responsive Web Design

    • Websites must adjust to different screen sizes.
    • Using vw (viewport width), and vh (viewport height) units allows for responsive design in CSS.
    • media queries are used to adjust styles based on viewport dimensions and device type.

    Creating a hero section (100vh)

    • Responsive design is a technique to adapt to different screen sizes, using techniques like viewport, aspect ratio, resolution, screen width/height.

    Animations and Transitions

    • Animations in CSS create changes over time using keyframes.
    • Transitions handle smooth shifts between two states. Use transition properties to create smooth transitions.
    • transform property is used for animations; changes to elements' appearance (e.g., rotation, scaling, moving).
    • will-change property lets the browser optimize for the animation.

    Keyframe Animations

    • Keyframe animations create smooth transitions between multiple steps that use percentages.
    • Keyword from is equivalent to 0% and to is equivalent to 100%. Adding more % in the animation allows for more steps/frames between the beginning and end of the animation.

    Timing Functions

    • Timing functions control the speed and acceleration of an animation.
    • linear timing function animates an element at a consistent speed throughout the animation.
    • Other timing functions like ease-in, ease-out, ease-in-out allow for slower/faster speed throughout animation.

    CSS Variables

    • CSS variables (often called custom properties) allow for efficient code by making updates in one place (defining the value of the variable), which will propagate through the document.
    • Two types include global variables (scoped to the :root element) and local variables (scoped to a specific selector).
    • Last defined wins property/variable: If two rules define the same variable, the last to be declared takes precedence.

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