CSS Basics and Syntax

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Questions and Answers

What does CSS stand for?

Cascading Script Styles

Cascading Style Sheets (correct)

Cascading Style Syntax

Creative Style Syntax

Which of the following correctly describes how CSS saves work?

It is limited to font styling only.

It can format a single page only.

It requires inline styles for consistency.

It can manage styles for multiple web pages simultaneously. (correct)

What is NOT a type of CSS selector?

Simple selectors

Contextual selectors (correct)

Pseudo-class selectors

Combination selectors

What is the purpose of a CSS declaration block?

To contain CSS properties and values for styling. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What feature can CSS provide that HTML cannot?

Setting the exact height of an element. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct example of a CSS rule-set?

h1 { color: blue; } (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do pseudo-class selectors in CSS allow you to do?

Select elements based on their current state. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using external stylesheets?

They allow for centralized control of multiple web pages’ appearance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of inline CSS?

To apply a unique style to a single element (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property is used to change the color of the text?

color (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the alpha parameter in RGBA color values represent?

The degree of opacity for the color (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which property would you use to indent the text of a paragraph?

text-indent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the font-variant property create?

Creates a small-caps effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes HSL in CSS?

Hue, Saturation, Lightness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text-shadow property do?

Sets the shadow around text (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which property would you use to align text in a document?

text-align (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the transform property with scale(2, 3) have on an element?

It doubles the width and triples the height of the element. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the rotate() method affect an element when a negative value is used?

It rotates the element counter-clockwise. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'flex-wrap' in a flex container?

It specifies whether flex items should wrap onto multiple lines. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property would you use to align flex items horizontally when there is extra space on the main axis?

justify-content (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the flex-direction property do in a flex container?

It specifies the direction in which flex items are placed in the flex container. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the align-content property in a flex container?

It modifies the alignment of flex lines in the container. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What transformation does translate(50px, 100px) apply to the element?

It moves the element 50 pixels to the right and 100 pixels down. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which transform method only changes the width of the element?

scaleX() (C) Signup and view all the answers

What defines a pseudo-class in CSS?

A method to define a special state of an element (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS declaration correctly sets the background color for unvisited links?

a:link { background-color: lightblue; } (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should the pseudo-classes be ordered in the CSS definition for proper functionality?

a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which property is used to style an element when it is in focus?

a:focus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What result does the declaration 'p.highlight:hover { background-color: lightblue; }' produce?

Changes the background color of paragraphs with class 'highlight' on hover (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'border-color' property support in the given example?

A sequence of colors for each border (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about pseudo-classes?

Pseudo-classes are not case-sensitive (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the viewport element assist in establishing for web pages?

It provides instructions on page dimensions and scaling. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property combination will ensure images scale responsively?

width: 100%; height: auto; (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to ensure proper rendering on various viewport widths?

Setting large fixed widths for page elements. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of setting an image's max-width property to 100%?

The image will never be larger than its original size. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use CSS media queries in responsive design?

To apply different styles for various screen sizes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the initial-scale=1.0 directive in the viewport element signify?

The initial zoom level at page load will be set. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of values should be avoided when positioning elements for small devices?

Fixed positioning values. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When displaying different images for different devices, which approach should be taken?

Using media queries to specify different images. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CSS Basics

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
CSS controls how HTML elements are displayed
CSS can control the layout of multiple web pages at once
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

CSS Syntax

A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block
The selector points to the HTML element to be styled
The declaration block contains declarations, each with a property name and value separated by a colon
Declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces
A semicolon separates declarations
CSS comments start with /* and end with */

CSS Selectors

CSS selectors find HTML elements to be styled
Simple selectors: select elements based on name, ID, or class
Combinatory selectors: select elements based on relationships between them
Pseudo-class selectors: select elements based on states (like hover or focus)
Pseudo-element selectors: select and style parts of an element
Attribute selectors: select elements based on attributes or attribute values

CSS Element Selectors

Select HTML elements based on element name

Three Ways to Insert CSS

Inline CSS: applies unique styles to a single element by adding the style attribute to the relevant element
Internal CSS: places CSS rules within the <style> tag in the HTML document
External CSS: uses separate CSS files linked to the HTML document

CSS Fonts

Important font attributes:
- font-color: sets text color
- font-family: changes font face
- font-size: increases or decreases font size
- font-style: makes the font bold, italic, or oblique
- font-variant: creates a small-caps effect
- font-weight: increases or decreases font boldness/lightness

CSS Text

Text properties that can be set:
- color: sets text color
- direction: sets text direction
- letter-spacing: adds or subtracts space between letters
- word-spacing: adds or subtracts space between words
- text-indent: indents paragraph text
- text-align: aligns document text
- text-decoration: underlines, overlines, or strikethroughs text
- text-transform: capitalizes text or converts to uppercase/lowercase
- white-space: controls text flow and formatting
- text-shadow: sets text shadow around text

CSS Colors

RGBA Colors: extend RGB color values with an alpha channel for opacity (rgba(red, green, blue, alpha))
The alpha parameter ranges from 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (opaque)
HSL Colors: use hue, saturation, and lightness (hsl(hue, saturation, lightness))
Other ways to set colors:
- name: specify a color name (e.g., "red")
- hex: specify a hex value (e.g., "#ff0000")
- rgb: specify an RGB value (e.g., "rgb(255, 0, 0)")
- transparent

Pseudo Classes

Define special states of an element
Used to style elements based on states like hover, visited, focus, etc.
Syntax: selector:pseudo-class { property: value; }
Common pseudo-classes:
- :link: unvisited links
- :visited: visited links
- :hover: mouse over
- :active: active element
- :focus: element with focus
Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive
Pseudo-classes can be combined

CSS Transforms

transform property allows manipulating elements with 2D and 3D transformations.
Common transform functions:
- translate(x, y): moves an element horizontally and vertically
- rotate(degrees): rotates an element clockwise or counter-clockwise
- scaleX(value): scales an element horizontally
- scaleY(value): scales an element vertically
- scale(x, y): scales an element both horizontally and vertically
transform-origin property allows control over the origin point for rotation and scaling.

CSS Flexbox

Used for efficient layout and alignment
Provides control over flex container and flex items
Flex container: parent, set display: flex or display: inline-flex
Flex items: children within the flex container
Common Flexbox properties:
- display: specifies the type of box used
- flex-direction: specifies the direction of flex items
- justify-content: aligns flex items horizontally
- align-items: aligns flex items vertically
- flex-wrap: specifies if items wrap or not
- align-content: modifies the behavior of flex-wrap

Responsive Web Design: Viewport

Adapts web pages for different screen sizes
HTML5 viewport meta tag controls viewport dimensions and scaling
width=device-width sets the width to follow the device's screen width
initial-scale=1.0 sets the initial zoom level
Avoid using large fixed-width elements and content relying on specific viewport widths.
Use CSS media queries to apply different styles for different screen sizes.

Responsive Web Design: Images

Use the width or max-width property to make images responsive
width: 100% and height: auto make the image scale responsively
max-width: 100% scales the image down but never up
Use media queries to display different images for different devices

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), including its role in controlling HTML element display, how to create rule sets, and various types of selectors. Test your knowledge on CSS syntax, external stylesheets, and styling methods.