CSE 101 Principles of Computing - Chapter 1: Computers and Operating Systems

Main Parts of a Computer

• Components include the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, memory, storage, power supply, and input/output devices.

Operating System

• Acts as the intermediary between users and computer hardware.
• Manages hardware resources and provides a user interface.

Data

• Refers to information processed or stored by a computer.
• Can be in various forms such as text, numbers, or multimedia.

Network

• A network connects multiple computers for data exchange and communication.
• Benefits include resource sharing, increased collaboration, and improved data management.

Chapter Goals

• Establish foundational understanding of computer components and their functions.
• Illustrate how different parts work together within a computer system.

Computer Case

• Houses and protects internal components from external elements.
• Aids in organizing structure and improving airflow.

Power Supply

• Converts electrical power from an outlet into usable power for the computer.
• Supplies voltage at various levels to different components.

Voltage

• Refers to the electric potential difference between two points.
• Essential for powering electronic devices and facilitating current flow.

Motherboard

• The main circuit board that connects all components of a computer.
• Houses the CPU, RAM, and connectors for other peripherals.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

• Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, executing instructions and processing data.

PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM

• PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile, can be programmed once.
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): Can be erased and reprogrammed using UV light.
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): Can be erased and reprogrammed electrically.

Serial Cable Length

• Maximum length for a serial cable is typically 15 meters (49 feet) without signal degradation.

IEEE 1284 Standard

• Used for parallel ports to allow bidirectional communication between computers and printers.

Gigabit Ethernet

• Maximum transmission speed is 1 Gbps (Gigabit per second), significantly enhancing network performance.

Function of Operating System

• Coordinates hardware and software resources, providing essential services for applications.

Major CPU Brands

• Intel and AMD are the two major brands dominating the CPU market.

Heat Sink Function

• Dissipates heat generated by the CPU and other components, preventing overheating.

Case Fan Function

• Circulates air within the computer case to maintain optimal temperature and prevent overheating.

RAM vs. ROM

• RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage for data currently being used, volatile in nature.
• ROM (Read Only Memory): Permanent storage that retains information even when powered off.

Key Characteristic of ROM

• Non-volatile memory, the contents remain unchanged unless reprogrammed, typically used for firmware.