CSC204 Principles of Programming Languages Chapter 5 Quiz

Static binding

An explicit declaration is a program statement used for declaring the types of variables.

FORTRAN, BASIC, and Perl

<p>Dynamic binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Python, Ruby, JavaScript, and PHP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FORTRAN I: maximum 6, FORTRAN 95: maximum 31</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PHP: must begin with a $</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Readability (names that look alike are different)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C++, Java, and C#</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Names</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They specify its type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A keyword is a word that is special only in certain contexts, while a reserved word is a special word that cannot be used as a user-defined name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Too many reserved words can lead to collisions, where many potential variable or function names are already taken by the language, making it difficult to write code without naming conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key attributes of a variable are: name, address, value, type, lifetime, and scope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable may have different addresses at different times during execution, or at different places in a program. This can happen due to the use of pointers, reference variables, or the union of C and C++, which can create aliases for the same memory location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A keyword is a special word in a programming language that has a predefined meaning, while a variable is an abstraction of a memory cell that can store a value and has a name, address, type, lifetime, and scope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aliases, where multiple variable names can access the same memory location, can be harmful to code readability because program readers must remember all the different names that refer to the same memory location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Static variables are bound to memory cells before execution begins and remain bound to the same memory cell throughout execution, while stack-dynamic variables have their storage bindings created when their declaration statements are elaborated. Static variables offer efficiency through direct addressing and support history-sensitive subprograms, but lack flexibility for recursion. Stack-dynamic variables allow recursion and conserve storage, but have overhead for allocation and deallocation, cannot be history-sensitive, and have inefficient indirect addressing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The advantages of static variables include efficiency through direct addressing and the ability to support history-sensitive subprograms. The disadvantages of static variables include a lack of flexibility, as they cannot be used in recursive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit heap-dynamic variables are not explicitly declared by the programmer, but are instead dynamically allocated and bound to memory cells during program execution, unlike explicit heap-dynamic variables which are explicitly declared and allocated. The lifetime of implicit heap-dynamic variables is tied to the program's execution, while explicit heap-dynamic variables have their lifetime and storage binding managed directly by the programmer or the language implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stack-dynamic variables allow for recursion, as new storage bindings are created when their declaration statements are elaborated. In contrast, static variables remain bound to the same memory cell throughout execution, which prevents them from being used in recursive functions. However, static variables can support history-sensitive subprograms, while stack-dynamic variables cannot, as they do not maintain a persistent state between function calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deallocation is the process of putting a memory cell back into the pool of available memory cells after a variable has become unbound from that cell. The lifetime of a variable is the time during which the variable is bound to a particular memory cell. When a variable's lifetime ends, the memory cell it was bound to must be deallocated, so that it can be reused by other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main advantage of stack-dynamic variables is that they allow for recursion, as new storage bindings are created when their declaration statements are elaborated. This conserves storage and provides flexibility. However, stack-dynamic variables have the disadvantages of overhead for allocation and deallocation, inability to support history-sensitive subprograms, and inefficient indirect addressing. In contrast, static variables offer efficiency through direct addressing and can support history-sensitive subprograms, but lack the flexibility for recursion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary purpose of binding variables to types is to determine the range of values and set of operations that can be performed on those variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The l-value of a variable is its address or memory location, while the r-value of a variable is its value or contents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abstract memory cell represents the logical or conceptual size required by a variable, which may differ from its physical memory representation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language design time (e.g., binding operator symbols like * to multiplication), language implementation time (e.g., binding int in C to a specific range of values), compile time (e.g., binding a variable to a data type in C or Java), load time (e.g., binding a C or C++ static variable to a memory cell), runtime (e.g., binding a nonstatic local variable to a memory cell), and link time (e.g., binding a call to a library within a subprogram code).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding is a fundamental concept in programming languages that relates to type safety and language semantics. By binding variables to types and operations to symbols at various times, the language can enforce type rules, enable type checking, and define the meaning and behavior of language constructs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earlier binding times (e.g., compile-time or load-time) generally provide better performance and optimization opportunities but less flexibility, while later binding times (e.g., runtime) offer more flexibility and dynamic behavior but may incur performance penalties. Language designers must balance these trade-offs based on the desired language characteristics and target applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers