CSC 2045 - Legacy IO Quiz

<p>Buffer overflow or input overflow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is stored in the input buffer and represented as a newline character. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to buffer overflow if input length exceeds the array size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is prone to buffer overflow vulnerabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to buffer overruns if sizes are fixed and managed poorly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>getchar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to buffer overflow vulnerabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures the buffer size is specified to prevent overflow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may cause undefined behavior in C/C++. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressing the Enter key. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input streams are buffered, causing delays in data retrieval. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fgets() allows for limits on input length to avoid overflow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to buffer overflow if size is not managed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may allow an attacker to manipulate memory and execute arbitrary code. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to denial of service or execute arbitrary commands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can allow an attacker to read sensitive information from the stack. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A block of memory used to temporarily store data before it is transferred to a file or device.

The process where the operating system temporarily stores keyboard input before it reaches your program.

A standard C/C++ function used for reading formatted data from the standard input stream (stdin).

A standard C/C++ function that reads an entire line of input from stdin, including spaces.

A standard C/C++ function that reads a single character from stdin.

A class method in C++ used for reading an entire line from an input stream, including spaces.

The vulnerability that occurs when using scanf, gets, or similar functions where the input size exceeds the allocated buffer size, leading to data overwriting unintended memory locations.

A vulnerability that occurs when using gets() since it relies on the pointer alone, making it impossible to determine the size of the input array, leading to uncontrolled data writes.

A vulnerability that occurs when reading data into fixed-size C-style strings, because if the input exceeds the string's allocated size, it can overwrite memory beyond the intended boundaries causing potential crashes or security issues.

A vulnerability that arises from the use of cin in C++ with C-style strings. While the initial read may not overflow, subsequent reads could truncate the original input string, potentially causing errors.

C-style strings are a fundamental data type in C used to represent sequences of characters. They are null-terminated, meaning they end with a special character '\0' indicating the end of the string. These strings are stored in the heap memory, which is dynamically allocated during program execution. This allows for flexibility in managing string lengths but requires careful memory management by the programmer through techniques like allocation (using 'new' or 'malloc') and deallocation (using 'delete' or 'free'). Passing a C-string to a function essentially makes it a pass-by-reference operation, as the function directly works with the memory location of the first character of the string.

C-style strings are vulnerable to buffer overflows because they rely on the programmer to manage memory limits. When a program reads data into a string without checking its size, it can overwrite memory allocated to other parts of the program leading to unpredictable behavior or security breaches.

When a program gathers input from users or system settings, it often uses C-style strings to store the information. However, if the input contains more characters than the allocated string memory can hold, it can overflow the memory buffer, potentially overwriting or corrupting important data and potentially triggering security vulnerabilities.

Command-line arguments offer a way to provide extra information or options to a program when it's executed. They are accessed in the main function using the 'argc' (argument count) and 'argv' (argument vector) parameters. The 'argc' variable indicates the total number of command-line arguments passed, including the program's name itself. 'argv' is an array of strings that includes the command-line arguments as individual strings. This feature enables customizing a program's behavior based on user-specified inputs.

"stdin" and "stdout" are standard input and standard output streams, respectively. They represent the default pathways for data to enter and exit a program. Stream properties influence how functions manage data flow. For instance, a function interacting with "stdin" might process data character by character, whereas a function interacting with "stdout" might handle data in a specific format.

A standard C library function used for reading formatted input from the standard input stream (stdin). It's safer than gets() because you can specify the size of the input data.

A safe alternative to gets(). It reads data from a file or stream into an array, but it also checks the maximum length of the data to avoid overflowing the buffer.

Function arguments are values or addresses passed to a function when it is called. They are used as inputs for the function's operations.

The process of moving data from one location in memory to another, specifically when a function is called and its arguments are passed to the function.

The method of storing function arguments on the stack in a specific order, typically right-to-left, before a function is called. This order determines how the arguments are accessed by the function.

A series of characters, often used to represent text, input, or data within a program. Think of it as a sequence of letters, numbers, or symbols.

A function like printf or fprintf, used to convert data like numbers or variables into human-readable text.

The argument passed to the Format Function. A sequence of text and formatting parameters like '%x' or '%s' that defines how the data is presented.

These occur within the Format String, specifying how the Format Function should convert and display the given data. For example, '%x' converts data as a hexadecimal number.

A vulnerability that arises when a program fails to properly validate user input, allowing attackers to manipulate the format string parameters. This can lead to code execution, reading the stack, or crashing the application.