CSC 1061 OOP and ADTs Overview

An abstract data type (ADT) is a custom data type defined by the programmer. It encapsulates data and functionality, making it reusable like a building block.

A technique used to create reusable code modules where data is hidden, accessed only through well-defined functions. This protects data integrity and promotes code maintainability.

A class is a template or blueprint for creating objects. It defines the properties (data) and the behaviors (functions) that objects of that class will have.

An object is an instance of a class, meaning it's a concrete realization of the class's blueprint. Objects have specific data values and can perform actions defined by their class.

In OOP, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. An object is an actual instance of that class, like a specific house created from a house plan.

A type of data that represents a sequence of characters, like letters, numbers, or symbols. You can use it to store text in your code.

A blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the properties (data members) and behaviors (member functions) of the objects that will be created from it.

Instances of a class. They are real-world representations of the class, with their own unique values for the properties defined in the class.

The process of hiding the implementation details of a class from the outside world. It only exposes the necessary information through the class's public interface.

Files that contain declarations of functions, classes, and variables. They are included in other code files using the #include directive.

Files which are already available in C++ language. Examples: #include or #include

Files are defined by the programmer and contain declarations of functions, classes etc.

A unique identifier used to prevent multiple declarations of contents in header files. It ensures that declarations are not included twice.

A complex workflow that links source code files into an executable file. It combines preprocessing, compilation, and linking.

A text file that instructs compilers and linkers on building projects. It specifies dependencies, source files, compiler flags, etc., for efficient compilation.

An abstract data type that groups data (members) and functions (methods) to represent real-world objects. It acts as a blueprint for objects.

An instance of a class. It holds data and methods defined in the class.

Data associated with a class. They represent characteristics or properties of an object.

Data members declared as private are hidden from access directly outside the class but can be accessed via public getter and setter functions, ensuring data protection and controlled modification.

A constructor is a special function called automatically when an object of the class is created. It initializes the object's data members with default or user-provided values.

A default constructor is a constructor that doesn't require any arguments. It allows creating an object with default data values. Every class should have a default constructor.

Constructors cannot be called explicitly like other functions; they are automatically executed when a new object is created.

Constructors can be overloaded with different versions that accept varying numbers and types of parameters. This allows creating objects with customized data values.

Member functions are functions that belong to a class and operate on its data members. They are only accessible through objects of the class.

Getter functions (access functions) are used to read the value of a data member.

Setter functions (modifier functions) are used to change the value of a data member after validation.