113 Questions
For how long does a welder’s qualification remain in effect?
Two years
A welder’s qualification may be revoked by the Canadian Welding Bureau if the welder has NOT been engaged in a given process for a period of three months or more.
True
For how long does a welding operator’s qualification remain in effect?
Indefinitely, unless there is a reason to question his/her ability
Tack welders must be qualified.
True
For how long is a tack welder’s qualification valid?
Five years
What information concerning the qualifications of its welding personnel must a company prepare, and keep on file for review by the Canadian Welding Bureau?
report showing the name of each tack welder, welder, and welding operator; processes and welding position; expiry date of qualification; qualifying authority
Does a company in Division 1 or Division 2 require a welding engineer?
True
How many years of welding related experience must welding engineers have in order to be employed in a Division 1 or retained for a Division 2 company?
Division 1: 5 years of welding-related experience; Division 2: 5 years of welding-related experience with minimum 3 years related to welding procedures and practices
What are the experience requirements and basic responsibilities of welding supervisors?
minimum of 5 years of welding-related experience; ensuring personnel are qualified with approved welding procedures; keeping list of qualified welders; contributing to welding procedure development
In addition to the five years of welding related experience and basic responsibilities, what other requirements are specified in CSA Standard W47.1 for welding supervisors?
thorough knowledge of welding procedure specifications; ability to read drawings and interpret welding symbols; familiarity with welding equipment operation
How are welding personnel qualified under CSA Standard W47.1?
By successfully performing a procedure qualification test
Can an unqualified welder or welding operator be used by a certified company to perform some of its production welding?
False
Must all welding personnel qualification testing be witnessed by the Canadian Welding Bureau?
yes
For how long is a tack welder’s qualification valid?
indefinitely while employed by a certified company unless there is a specific reason to question ability or a shorter validity period is granted under qualification
Does CSA Standard W47.1 specify the requirements for a company seeking certification?
Yes
Who is responsible for the welded products a company produces?
The company
Does CSA Standard W47.1 approve the products and services of a certified company?
No
What requirements are stipulated in CSA Standard W47.1?
Requirements for welding engineers, welding supervisors, tack welders, welders, welding operators, and documentation
What standard or code reference publications are referred to in CSA Standard W47.1?
Several publications including those from CSA, ASTM International, AWS, and SCC
What is the difference between 'class' and 'classification'?
Class refers to welder qualification categories, while classification refers to welding personnel types
What are the welding personnel classifications specified in CSA Standard W47.1?
T, S, FW, ASW, WT
What is a Welding Procedure Data Sheet (WPDS)?
A document detailing welding parameters and ranges for welding specific joints
What are the responsibilities of a welding supervisor as defined in CSA Standard W47.1?
Ensuring qualified personnel weld in accordance with approved procedures
Who administers CSA Standard W47.1?
Canadian Welding Bureau
For how long does a company’s certification remain in effect?
Subject to periodic verification by the Canadian Welding Bureau
Can the Canadian Welding Bureau withdraw a company’s certification?
Yes
Can individuals seek an exemption from writing examinations?
Yes
Does a company doing only erection work involving welding need a plant?
Not necessary, but need to conform to the standard requirements
Can a company seek exemptions for certain welding techniques, processes, operations, and specialized products?
Yes
Is each company required to designate an individual responsible for implementing and maintaining CSA Standard W47.1?
Yes
Explain the difference between the 3 main divisions in which companies are certified.
Based on the employment of a welding engineer on a full-time, part-time, or not at all basis
What company personnel must meet the requirements of CSA Standard W47.1?
Welding engineers, welding supervisors, tack welders, welders, welding operators
Welding personnel who qualify on the test assemblies specified in CSA Standard W47.1 are qualified for welding steel in what range of thickness or fillet size?
3 mm (1/8 in) and above
Can welders qualify in a specific position without following the normal progression of qualification?
True
What types of identification documents are issued by the Canadian Welding Bureau?
Transferable identification card, nontransferable identification card, letter in lieu of identification card
Who owns the welding personnel identification cards?
Canadian Welding Bureau
Identify the welding processes that welding personnel can use to obtain a qualification.
SMAW, FCAW, MCAW, GMAW, SAW, GTAW, ESW, EGW
For the GMAW process, what change in mode of metal transfer requires a separate qualification?
short-circuiting
How many joint configuration options are there for the S classification SMAW, GMAW and GTAW test plate assembly?
Three
In which figure is the S Classification welder or welding operator plate test assembly shown for the SMAW process?
Figure 8
In which figure is the S Classification welder or welding operator plate test assembly shown for the FCAW and SAW processes?
Figure 9
To qualify for the FW classification is a stop and restart required?
True
To qualify for the S classification is a stop and restart required in the root of the groove?
True
What are the various classifications welders, welding operators or tack welders obtain?
T, S, FW, ASW, WT
If a welder has a qualification for the FW classification, is he or she also qualified for S classification in the same process, class and mode?
Yes
What are the modes of process application and qualification requirements associated with welding personnel qualification testing?
Manual welding
If a welder is qualified on a standard W47.1 test assembly in the vertical-up position, is the welder allowed to weld vertically down?
True
Where in CSA Standard W47.1 do you find the F group designations for SMAW electrodes?
Table 1
When using a semi-automatic welding process such as FCAW or GMAW, is a welder qualified to use electrodes and a shielding medium other than that used for the welder’s test?
True
Is a separate qualification required for welding on galvanized surfaces?
True
Can radiography be used to evaluate GMAW welder or welding operator qualification test plate assemblies?
False
What portion of a standard SMAW welder’s qualification test plate assembly is evaluated if radiography is used?
150 mm (6 in) center portion
If a welder’s qualification test assembly is assessed by bend testing, what surface discontinuities would constitute a failure in a bend specimen?
Surface discontinuities such as cracks, incomplete fusion, or incomplete penetration would constitute a failure in a bend specimen.
What is the maximum single pass fillet weld size allowed for 1GF, 3GF and 4GF S classification welder qualification tests and what is the maximum permissible undercut?
8 mm (5/16 in) and 1 mm (1/32 in)
What are the standard welder test assemblies for S classification?
SMAW, GMAW, GTAW - Figure 8; SAW, FCAW, MCAW - Figure 9
If an S classification SMAW or GMAW standard welder’s plate test assembly is assessed by bend testing, how many bend test specimens are required from each test assembly?
Three guided-bend test specimens (two root- and one face-bend) shall be prepared
What are the results required for a successful FW classification test?
Uniform appearance, free of overlap and cracks, complete penetration to the root without inclusions or porosity greater than 2.5 mm (3/32 in)
Do tack welders have to be qualified?
Yes
If a tack welder passes a fillet-weld break test, what is he or she allowed to weld?
All types of joints for the process and in the positions in which he/she has qualified
Is a welder with an ASW classification using the SMAW process also qualified for welding steel decking with the GMAW process?
False
Welders qualifying for the ASW classification use the test assembly shown in what figure with the steel decking thickness selected from what table?
Figure 5 and Table 21
What are the visual inspection requirements for welders qualifying for the ASW qualification?
Fusion of deck to supporting member, no cracks, maximum reinforcement of 3 mm (1/8 in), weld nugget filled to full thickness, fusion around 100% circumference with no undercut, no melt-through; Arc spot weld size minimum 16 mm (5/16 in) for single sheets or 20 mm (3/4 in) for thicker sheets
For welders qualifying for the ASW classification, is visual inspection of the weld the only method used to evaluate the test assembly?
False
Are certified companies required to have welding procedure specifications?
Yes
Are certified companies required to have welding procedure data sheets?
Yes
What is the basis for acceptance of a WPDS?
Either joint geometry and parameters specified by the governing standard to be prequalified or based on successful procedure qualification tests
Except for sheet steel, what is the minimum thickness considered qualified for a welding procedure?
3 mm (1/8 in)
What information is typically listed on a PQR?
Essential variable information recorded during the welding of the test assembly and test results of specimen(s)
What are the 2 types of test groupings for welds specified in CSA Standard W47.1?
Soundness and mechanical testing
Is an increase in filler metal strength considered an essential variable requiring a requalification of the procedure?
True
What tables are used to specify the range of thickness and diameter qualifications from procedure qualification tests?
Note 5 of Table 11 and Tables 13, 14, or 15
How are macro-etch specimens for partial penetration and fillet weld test assemblies evaluated?
Macros are evaluated for weld penetration and quality based on specified standards
When a procedure qualification test requires reduced section tension tests the test specimens must meet what minimum tensile strength?
The tensile strength (averaged at each location in the case of multiple-test specimens) shall not be less than the specified minimum ultimate strength of the weaker base material used in the test assembly. In the case of multiple-test specimens, no individual result at each location shall be lower than 95% of the specified minimum ultimate strength of the weaker base material if the specimen breaks in the base material outside the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ). If a filler metal of classification strength lower than the base metal strength used, the tensile strength of the test specimen shall not be less than the specified minimum ultimate strength of the lower strength filler material.
What supporting material thickness is required when performing an arc spot procedure qualification test?
All tests described in Clause 11.9 shall be performed on material of 3 mm (1/8 in) or less in thickness.
For what thickness range will an arc spot procedure qualification test qualify the procedure when successfully performed on steel decking of thickness T?
A test on a given decking thickness, T, shall qualify a procedure within the range of 0.75T to 1.38T to a maximum of 3 mm (1/8 in).
For what angle range will an arc spot procedure qualification test qualify the procedure when performed in the flat position on steel decking?
A test assembly welded in the flat position shall qualify for an angle inclined up to 15° from the horizontal. Angles in excess of 15° require separate qualification. Qualification at an angle beyond 15° qualifies for arc spot welding up to and including the angle tested.
What are the visual acceptance criteria when performing an arc spot welding procedure qualification test?
The visual examination shall show fusion of the deck to the supporting member, no cracks, a maximum reinforcement of 3 mm (1/8 in), a weld nugget filled to at least the full thickness of the sheet(s), fusion around 100% of the weld’s circumference with no undercut, and no melt-through of the supporting member. Arc spot weld minimum outside diameters are specified based on sheet thickness.
Why do welders, using the SMAW process, usually test with E4918 electrodes?
Because E4918 is an F4 electrode, which qualifies the welder to weld with all other electrode group designations.
To determine the qualification tests required for a particular class and classification, which table in CSA Standard W47.1 would be used?
Table 2
If a welder has failed a particular qualification test, which tables in CSA Standard W47.1 are used to determine the subsequent retests to obtain the desired qualification?
Tables 3, 4 & 5 apply to initial tests; Tables 6, 7 & 8 apply to upgrading; Tables 18, 19 & 20 apply to check testing.
In which figure is the tack welder’s test assembly shown?
Figure 7
CSA Standard W47.1 provides the requirements that must be met and adhered to by a company seeking certification. True or False?
True
Certification can be considered as an approval of the products fabricated by a certified company. True or False?
True
When a procedure qualification test requires reduced section tension tests the test specimens must meet what minimum tensile strength?
The tensile strength shall not be less than the specified minimum ultimate strength of the weaker base material used in the test assembly.
What supporting material thickness is required when performing an arc spot procedure qualification test?
3 mm (1/8 in) or less in thickness
For what thickness range will an arc spot procedure qualification test on steel decking qualify the procedure?
Within the range of 0.75T to 1.38T to a maximum of 3 mm (1/8 in)
For what angle range will an arc spot procedure qualification test on steel decking in the flat position qualify the procedure?
Up to 15° from the horizontal
When performing an arc spot welding procedure qualification test, what are the visual acceptance criteria?
Fusion of the deck to the supporting member, no cracks, maximum reinforcement of 3 mm (1/8 in), weld nugget filled to at least the full thickness of the sheet(s), fusion around 100% of the weld’s circumference with no undercut, and no melt-through of the supporting member. Outside diameter of the weld should be a minimum of 16 mm (5/8 in) nominal for single sheets of 18 gauge or thinner.
Why do welders, using the SMAW process, usually test with E4918 electrodes?
Because E4918 is an F4 electrode, which qualifies the welder to weld with all other electrode group designations.
To determine the qualification tests required for a particular class and classification, which table in CSA Standard W47.1 would be used?
Table 2
If a welder has failed a particular qualification test, which tables in CSA Standard W47.1 are used to determine the subsequent retests in order to obtain the desired qualification?
Tables 3, 4 & 5 apply to initial tests; Tables 6, 7 & 8 apply to upgrading; Tables 18, 19 & 20 apply to check testing
In which figure is the tack welder’s test assembly shown?
Figure 7
CSA Standard W47.1 provides the requirements that must be met and adhered to by a company seeking certification.
True
Certification can be considered as an approval of the products fabricated by a certified company.
True
What does “Class” refer to?
A category of welder qualification, e.g., F, H, V and O welding positions
What does 'Classification' refer to?
Electrode Groups
What organization administers CSA Standard W47.1?
Canadian Welding Bureau
The Canadian Welding Bureau can withdraw a company’s certification if the company is NOT following the requirements of CSA Standard W47.1.
True
Must all welding performed by a certified company be done in accordance with the requirements of CSA Standard W47.1?
Yes, unless otherwise specified by an agreement between the purchaser and the fabricator, provided that such an agreement does not contravene the requirements of any governing by-law.
How many divisions of certification are specified in CSA Standard W47.1?
Three
Is a company certified in Division 1 required to employ a full-time or retain a part-time welding engineer?
Employ a full-time welding engineer
Is a company certified in Division 3 required to employ a full-time or retain a part-time welding engineer?
Retain a part-time welding engineer responsible to the company only for welding procedures and practice
CSA Standard W47.1 requires each designated plant, shop or section to meet the requirements of certification within this Standard with respect to welders, welding procedure specifications, welding procedure data sheets, welding supervisor and welding engineer, where applicable.
True
A company doing only erection work involving welding must have a plant in order to be certified to CSA Standard W47.1.
False
When must the company inform the Canadian Welding Bureau of any loss or change in welding engineering or supervisory personnel?
Immediately
The company shall designate an individual who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined authority and responsibility for ensuring that the requirements of CSA Standard W47.1 are implemented and maintained.
True
What are the duties of the welding engineer according to CSA Standard W47.1?
All of the above.
A welding supervisor with two years of fabrication experience is acceptable for a Division 1 company according to CSA Standard W47.1.
False
Who is responsible for ensuring that the companies personnel involved in welding are qualified and working with approved welding procedures in the shop and in the field?
The welding engineer must ensure a satisfactory performance of welders in production welding through continuous guidance and instruction.
If there is a reason to doubt the welder’s ability, his/her qualification is suspended immediately and shall be required to pass a check test in the position and class held according to CSA Standard W47.1.
True
What types of identification cards are issued to welders by the Canadian Welding Bureau according to CSA Standard W47.1?
(a), (c) and (d)
Who owns the welder cards that are issued by the Canadian Welding Bureau according to CSA Standard W47.1?
The welder
Who is responsible for ensuring that the welder’s identification cards or copies thereof can be produced as proof that a welder has valid qualifications according to CSA Standard W47.1?
The company
Study Notes
CSA Standard W47.1-09 Study Guide
Introduction
- This study guide is designed to assist welding supervisors in their study of CSA Standard W47.1.
- The guide includes questions with short answers, multiple-choice, and true or false exercise questions.
Clause 1: Scope
- CSA Standard W47.1 specifies the requirements for a company seeking certification.
- This certification may be mandatory or voluntary.
- This standard is not intended for applications governed by codes such as ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and API codes.
Clause 2: References
- CSA Standard W47.1 refers to various publications, including:
- CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
- ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials)
- AWS (American Welding Society)
- SCC (Standards Council of Canada)
Clause 3: Definitions
- Class refers to a category of welder qualification, e.g., flat, horizontal, vertical, or overhead welding positions.
- Classification refers to the various types of welding personnel, e.g., T, S, FW, ASW, or WT.
- Welding Procedure Data Sheet (WPDS) is a document detailing the welding parameters and ranges for welding a specific joint.
Clause 4: Administration
- The Canadian Welding Bureau administers CSA Standard W47.1.
- A company's certification remains in effect subject to periodic verification by the Canadian Welding Bureau.
- The Canadian Welding Bureau may withdraw a company's certification if the requirements are not met.
Clause 5: Company Requirements
- A company doing only erection work involving welding need not have a plant.
- A company may seek exemptions for certain welding techniques, processes, operations, and specialized products.
- Each company must designate an individual responsible for ensuring that the requirements of CSA Standard W47.1 are implemented and maintained.
Clause 6: Welding Engineers
- Companies in Division 1 or Division 2 require a welding engineer.
- Welding engineers must have a minimum of five years of welding-related experience.
Clause 7: Welding Supervisors
- Welding supervisors must have a minimum of five years of welding-related experience.
- Welding supervisors are responsible for ensuring that the company's personnel involved in welding are qualified and working with approved welding procedures.
- Welding supervisors may also perform training activities and schedule qualification test sessions.
Clause 8: Welding Personnel Qualification
- Welding personnel may be qualified on the basis of:
- Successfully meeting the qualification requirements specified in this Standard.
- Successfully performing a procedure qualification test.
- Successfully meeting the qualification requirements specified in other recognized national or international standards.
- A welder or welding operator who does not have a valid transferable or an appropriate nontransferable qualification identification document must pass the appropriate welder qualification test assemblies.
- Welding personnel qualification testing must be witnessed by the Canadian Welding Bureau's representative.### Mechanical Testing of Specimens
- Mechanical testing of specimens shall be performed by an accredited testing organization (ATO), a welding inspection organization certified to CSA Standard W178.1, or other organizations or laboratories acceptable to the Canadian Welding Bureau.
- Alternatively, the testing shall be witnessed by a Canadian Welding Bureau representative.
Tack Welder's Qualification
- A tack welder's qualification shall remain in effect indefinitely, unless there is a specific reason to question his/her ability or the period of validity is limited to a shorter period by the qualification granted under Clause 8.2.1.
Welder's Qualification
- A welder's qualification shall remain in effect for two years, unless there is a specific reason to question his/her ability or the period of validity is limited to a shorter period by the qualification granted under Clause 8.2.1.
- The Canadian Welding Bureau may require a welder to be check-tested before his/her qualifications expire.
Welding Operator's Qualification
- A welding operator's qualification shall remain in effect indefinitely, unless there is a specific reason to question his/her ability or the period of validity is limited to a shorter period by the qualification granted under Clause 8.2.1 or 8.5.5.
Exemption from Check Test Requirement
- Welders may be granted an exemption from the two-year check testing requirement if the company can verify to the Canadian Welding Bureau's satisfaction that the welder has continued to use the process in the class held throughout the previous two years and has used it in production within the last three months.
Qualification for Welding Steel
- Welding personnel qualifying on the test assemblies shall be qualified for welding materials 3 mm (1/8 in) and above.
- Fillet weld tests shall qualify for all sizes of fillets.
Welding Processes
- The Standard covers the qualification of welding personnel for the following processes:
- Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
- Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) and metal cored arc welding (MCAW)
- Gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
- Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
- Electroslag welding (ESW) and electrogas welding (EGW)
Classification of Welders
- Welding personnel shall be qualified in one or more of the following classifications:
- T classification
- S classification
- FW classification
- ASW classification
- WT classification
Modes of Process Application
- The four modes of process application are:
- Manual welding
- Semi-automatic welding
- Mechanized welding
- Automatic welding
Identification Documents
- The Canadian Welding Bureau shall issue one of the following qualification identification documents:
- A transferable identification card when qualification is based on standard test assemblies
- A nontransferable identification card when qualification is for specific process applications
- A letter in lieu of an identification card if deemed more suitable under exceptional circumstances### Visual Examination of Welds
- Fusion of the deck to the supporting member
- No cracks
- Maximum reinforcement of 3 mm (1/8 in)
- Weld nugget filled to at least the full thickness of the sheet(s)
- Fusion around 100% of the weld's circumference with no undercut
- No melt-through of the supporting member
Arc Spot Welds
- Minimum outside diameter of 16 mm (5/8 in) nominal for single sheets of 18 gauge or thinner
- Minimum outside diameter of 20 mm (3/4 in) for thicker single sheets and all double sheets
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs)
- Required for each welding process in use
- Outlining the general welding procedure to be followed
- Including applicable essential variables
- Submitted to the Canadian Welding Bureau for acceptance
Welding Procedure Data Sheets (WPDSs)
- Prepared for welded joints used by the company
- Including essential variables and qualified by successful procedure qualification tests
- Submitted to the Canadian Welding Bureau for review and acceptance
Information Availability
- Information on WPSs and WPDSs made available to shop and field welding supervisors and other authorized personnel
Acceptance of WPDS
- Based on joint geometry and parameters specified by the governing standard
- Based on successful procedure qualification tests recorded on a PQR
Essential Variables
- Increase in filler metal strength considered an essential variable requiring requalification of the procedure
- Change in base metal steel group number
- Change in welding process
- Change of thickness outside the range allowed by Table 13
Procedure Qualification Tests
- Soundness and mechanical testing required
- Including visual examination, root- and face- (transverse or longitudinal) bend test, side- (transverse) bend test, and macro-etch test
- Optional tests: radiography examination, ultrasonic examination, and other tests specified in the contract or applicable governing application standard
Tensile Strength
- Tensile strength of the test specimen shall not be less than the specified minimum ultimate strength of the weaker base material
- If the specimen breaks in the base material outside the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ)
Supporting Material Thickness
- Required for arc spot procedure qualification tests: 3 mm (1/8 in) or less in thickness
This study guide is for the CSA Standard W47.1-09, providing an overview of the standard and its requirements. It is a valuable resource for individuals seeking to understand and comply with the standard. The guide is copyrighted by the CWB Group and was revised in 2010.
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