CS111 Introduction to Programming

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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of using arrays for data storage?

Arrays can dynamically change size during execution.

Arrays require more code for data access.

Arrays provide random access to their elements. (correct)

Arrays automatically sort their elements upon declaration.

What is the correct way to declare an integer array with 10 elements?

int arr[10]; (correct)

array int arr(10);

int arr:10;

int[10] arr;

Which of the following statements is true regarding the index of an array?

Array indices can be negative numbers.

Array indices start from 1.

Array indices start from 0 and go up to size - 1. (correct)

The last index of an array is equal to its size.

What happens if an array is declared but not initialized?

It will contain garbage values. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the initialization of an array is correct?

An array must be initialized at the time of declaration. Signup and view all the answers

What would cause a compile-time error when working with arrays?

Exceeding the declared size of the array. Signup and view all the answers

What does the following statement 'int marks={67, 87, 56, 77};' represent?

The declaration and initialization of an integer array. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a correct benefit of using arrays?

Automatic resizing of the array. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of an array as mentioned in the content?

Arrays have a fixed size after declaration. Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct syntax for initializing an integer array called 'scores' with values 90, 85, and 95.

int scores[3] = {90, 85, 95}; Signup and view all the answers

In the context of accessing array elements, what does the term 'random access' refer to?

Accessing any element without following a specific order. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines array declaration in C?

Establishing a variable that holds a sequence of values of the same data type. Signup and view all the answers

When initializing an array, what happens if you attempt to assign more elements than declared?

It leads to a compile-time error. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using arrays for traversing data?

They require less code for traversal. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is typically employed for sorting elements in an array?

Implementing sorting algorithms that require minimal code. Signup and view all the answers

What data type does the following initialization pertain to: 'float area={ 23.4, 6.8, 5.5};'?

Float array. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CS111 Introduction to Programming

Course title: CS111 Introduction to Programming
Institution: MedTech, Mediterranean Institute of Technology
Date: 11/27/2024

Working with Arrays & Strings - Lecture 4

Topic: Arrays
Definition: A collection of similar data types or entities stored in contiguous memory locations.
Advantages:
- Code optimization: less code to access data.
- Easy to traverse data: using a for loop, elements can be retrieved easily.
- Easy to sort data: sorting the array elements requires few lines of code.
- Random access: any element can be accessed randomly.
Disadvantages:
- Fixed size: the size defined at declaration cannot be exceeded.
Declaration:
- data type variable_name [size]; (e.g., int arr[10];)
- Index starts at 0 (e.g., arr[0], arr[9]).
- Symbolic constants can be used for size (e.g., #define SIZE 10).
Initialization
- Arrays must be initialized after declaration. Otherwise, they contain garbage values.
- Syntax: data type array_name[size]= {value1, value2...};
- Example: int age[5]={22,25,30,32,35};
Accessing Array Elements
- Direct access (e.g., arr[2])
- Loops for iterative access (e.g., for loop)

Working with Arrays & Strings - Lecture 4

Topic: Strings
Definition: an array of characters terminated by a null character (\0)
Always enclosed by double quotes (" ") for strings
In C, you use character arrays to represent strings
Declaration
- char string_name[size]; The size determines the number of characters that the string can store including the null terminator(\0).
Initialization
- Initialize only the required number of characters. The remaining slots are automatically initialized with NULL
  - Example: char str[5]={'H', 'e'};
Reading and Writing strings
- Use scanf("%s", &variable) to read a string from the input.
- Use printf("%s",variable) to write a string to the output.
String Library Functions:
- strlen(): returns the length of the string.
- strcpy(): copies one string to another.
- strcat(): appends one string to another.
- strlwr(): converts a string to lowercase.
- strupr(): converts a string to uppercase.
- strrev(): reverses a string.
- strcmp(): compares two strings.
Unformatted Input/Output:
- getchar(): reads a single character from the standard input.
- putchar(): writes a single character to the standard output.
- getch(): reads a character without echoing to the screen.
- getche(): reads a character and echoes to the screen.
- getc()
- putc()
- getche(): reads characters without echoing to the screen, commonly used in password programs.
Exercises:
- Program to sort an array of elements.
- Program to determine the second largest element in an array.
- Program to sum two matrices.
- Program to count number of alphabet, digits and special characters.
- Program to determine the maximum occurring character in a string.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Lecture 4 of the CS111 Introduction to Programming course, covering the fundamental concepts of arrays. Explore the definitions, advantages, disadvantages, declaration, and initialization of arrays to strengthen your understanding of this essential data structure.