CS1102 Lecture 04: Web Development Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using CSS in web design?

  • To store data in databases
  • To create server-side applications
  • To apply consistent styling across multiple webpages (correct)
  • To add interactivity to web pages

CSS styles can only be applied to a single webpage and not across multiple pages.

False (B)

What tag is used to enclose a part of the text that is to be styled?

span

CSS can be embedded in the ______ section of the webpage.

<p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CSS-related terms with their descriptions:

<p>Selector = An HTML tag that is targeted for styling Declaration = Defines the styling applied to the selector Property = An aspect of the element that can be styled, like color Value = The specific setting for a property, like red for color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of HTML in web development?

<p>To structure content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

CSS is primarily used to add content to webpages.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of media that can be displayed on a webpage.

<p>images</p> Signup and view all the answers

A webpage contains text marked up with __________ tags.

<p>HTML</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their function in web development:

<p>HTML = Structure content CSS = Style webpage JavaScript = Add interactivity Web browser = Render HTML into a user-friendly format</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which version of HTML is mentioned in the content?

<p>HTML5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Web browsers can only display text and images.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lists in HTML?

<p>To enhance the presentation of information under a category (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An unordered list in HTML displays items with automatic numbering.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of lists defined in HTML?

<p>Unordered and ordered lists</p> Signup and view all the answers

The HTML code for an unordered list begins with <> and ends with </>.

<p>ul</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of lists with their characteristics:

<p>Unordered List = Displays items with bullets Ordered List = Displays items with automatic numbering</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the ease of using lists in HTML?

<p>They allow easy insertion and deletion of items (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HTML line breaks directly correspond to how text appears in browsers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'li' tag represent in HTML lists?

<p>List item</p> Signup and view all the answers

The code example for an unordered list is found in the file named <_____>.html.

<p>lec04-05-HTML-lists</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the alt attribute in an img tag do?

<p>Provides alternate text for the image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The img tag requires a closing tag.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can visually impaired users utilize to understand an image when using the alt attribute?

<p>Screen reading software</p> Signup and view all the answers

The img tag is used to display an image on a ______.

<p>webpage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following HTML tags with their functions:

<p>img = Displays an image br = Adds a line break hr = Adds a horizontal rule alt = Specifies alternate text for images</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if an image cannot be displayed?

<p>The alt text will be displayed instead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The img tag is an example of a block-level element.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name an example of an empty element in HTML.

<p>img</p> Signup and view all the answers

HTML elements that do not require an end tag are called ______ elements.

<p>empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an empty element?

<p>div (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of URL contains the full path to a resource?

<p>Absolute URL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A relative URL specifies the location of a file relative to the current file's folder structure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of character entities in HTML?

<p>To represent reserved characters or symbols without rendering them as tags.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The symbol for a non-breaking space in HTML is represented by the entity name __________.

<p> </p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following URLs with their descriptions:

<p>Absolute URL = Includes the full path to a file Relative URL = Specifies a file's location in relation to the current file Character Entity = Represents reserved characters in HTML CSS = Describes the visual presentation of HTML elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use CSS?

<p>To directly embed script functionalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HTML entities can only be used for displaying mathematical symbols.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CSS stand for?

<p>Cascading Style Sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

A URL starting with 'www' usually indicates a __________ URL.

<p>web address</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the entity '<' represent in HTML?

<p>Less than symbol (&lt;) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Unordered List

An HTML element that represents a list of items, where each item is identified with a bullet point.

Ordered List

An HTML element that represents a list of items, where each item is identified with a number.

<ul> tag

The HTML tag that marks the beginning of an unordered list.

<ul> tag

The HTML tag that marks the end of an unordered list.

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<ol> tag

The HTML tag that marks the beginning of an ordered list.

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<ol> tag

The HTML tag that marks the end of an ordered list.

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<li> tag

The HTML tag that represents a single item within a list.

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Flexibility of Lists

The ability to easily add, remove, or rearrange items in a list.

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Enhanced Readability

Presentation of information in a structured and organized manner.

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Webpage

A webpage is what you see in your browser, displaying content like text, images, audio, and video.

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Source Code

The underlying code behind a webpage, written in HTML, CSS, and sometimes JavaScript, contains instructions for the browser.

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HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

A markup language used to structure the content of a webpage, defining elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. It tells the browser how to arrange the content.

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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

A style sheet that applies visual styles to a webpage, such as font colors, sizes, and layout. It's like the webpage's visual makeup.

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Web Browser Rendering

Web browsers interpret HTML and CSS source code to render a webpage into its final, user-friendly form. They transform the code into what you see.

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HTML Version

The HTML version used for a specific webpage is indicated in the HTML source code. It ensures compatibility between the browser and the webpage code.

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JavaScript

JavaScript is a programming language that adds interactivity and dynamic features to webpages. It can make webpages more engaging with animations, responses to user actions, and more.

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CSS Element Selector

A CSS style can be applied to different HTML elements by using the corresponding HTML tag as a selector.

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The <span> Tag

The <span> tag is used to enclose a part of text so that a specific style can be applied to it. Without any defined styles, it doesn't do anything visually.

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Embedding CSS in <head>

CSS styles can be embedded within the <head> section of an HTML document. This allows for easy organization and control over the appearance of the page.

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CSS: Controlling Webpage Appearance

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are used to control the appearance of webpages, including text formatting, colors, and layout.

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CSS Consistency Across Webpages

The same CSS styles can be applied across multiple web pages within the same website, ensuring a consistent and uniform look.

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img tag

The HTML tag used to embed an image on a webpage.

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alt attribute

The attribute used to specify alternate text for an image, displayed when the image cannot be shown.

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Alternate Text

Text that describes the image when it's unavailable. This helps screen readers and visually impaired users understand the image content.

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Empty Elements

HTML elements that don't have a corresponding closing tag. For example, the img tag.

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br tag

An empty element that adds a line break, forcing text to continue on the next line.

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hr tag

An empty element that inserts a horizontal rule (a line) across the webpage.

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Image Link

Creating a clickable image that links to another webpage or resource.

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Image Hyperlink

A link that uses the href attribute to specify the destination URL for the image.

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href attribute

The attribute that specifies the URL of the target resource for an image link.

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Correct Image Filename

The image's filename must be accurate and accessible for the img tag to display the image correctly.

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Absolute URL

A URL that includes the full path to a file, including the domain name, protocol, and file location.

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Relative URL

A URL that specifies the location of a file relative to the current file, using paths like '...' to move up directories.

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File Path

A file path specifies the location of a file within a website's folder structure.

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Character Entity

A character entity is used in HTML to represent reserved characters or symbols, preventing them from being interpreted as HTML tags.

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CSS Rule Applicability

A single CSS rule can be applied to multiple elements, simplifying the process of defining the appearance of multiple HTML elements at once.

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Why Character Entities?

The browser considers '<' and '>' as opening and closing tags in HTML, so you can't use them directly.

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Character Entity Format

Character entities are defined using the format '&entity_name;' or '&#entity_number;'

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Character Entity Usage

Mathematical symbols, currency symbols, non-English letters, and emojis can be displayed in a browser using character entities in the HTML code.

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Why are Character Entities Important?

Character entities can be used in conjunction with HTML for creating visually appealing content, improving usability, and enhancing the presentation of your webpages.

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Study Notes

CS1102 Introduction to Computer Studies - Lecture 04

  • Lecture Topic: Web Development: HTML and CSS
  • Semester: A, 2024-2025
  • Course Information: CS1102 Introduction to Computer Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Computer Science
  • Lecture materials not to be redistributed to Course Hero or other public web sites.
  • Agenda (Lecture 04):
    • Webpage and Source Code
    • HTML
    • CSS
    • Construct your own webpage
  • Webpage and Source Code:
    • Webpages show information using text, images, audio, and video.
    • HTML tags mark up webpage content.
    • CSS styles webpages.
    • JavaScript adds interactivity.
    • Web browsers render the HTML source code.
  • HTML (HyperText Markup Language):
    • HTML uses tags to structure webpages.
    • Tags are enclosed in angle brackets (<>).
    • Most tags come in pairs (opening and closing).
    • Example: <html></html>.
    • Some tags are empty elements (e.g., <img>).
    • <!DOCTYPE html>: instructs the browser about the HTML version (e.g., HTML5).
    • Each HTML file contains a head section and a body section.
    • The head section includes metadata like page title.
    • The body section contains the webpage content.
  • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
    • CSS describes how HTML elements are displayed.
    • Specifies colors, fonts, layouts, and placement of HTML elements.
    • Can be embedded in the HTML file or in a separate file.
    • Enables better styling and layout of webpages.
  • JavaScript:
    • JavaScript is a programming language that adds interactivity.
    • It can dynamically generate content and improve webpage function.
  • Code Editor:
    • Editors like Komodo Edit or Sublime Text improve code development
    • Editors offer features like syntax coloring, error checking, and code completion.

Additional Points

  • Demo Code Location: Demo code for the lecture is available on Canvas.

  • HTML Features:

    • Adding a webpage title.
    • Creating headings (

      to

      ).
    • Formatting paragraphs.
    • Creating bullet lists.
    • Creating numbered lists.
    • Adding links to the webpage.
    • Inserting images.
    • Creating tables.

  • HTML Lists:

    • Unordered lists use bullet points( <ul> and <li> ).
    • Ordered lists use automatic numbering ( <ol> and <li>).

  • HTML Links:

    • href attribute contains the URL of a site
    • target="blank" attribute opens a link in a new tab or window.

  • HTML Images:

    • Images are separate files (<img> tag with src for path)
    • alt attribute provides alternative text (for users with impaired vision or when the image isn't loaded).
    • Empty tags (e.g. <br>, <hr>) take no closing tag

  • HTML Entities:

    • Entities are used to represent special characters. example: < = &lt;

  • Absolute/Relative URLs:

    • Absolute URLs: full web address.
    • Relative URLs: path relative to current page.

  • File Paths: File paths specify locations within a website's folder structure.

  • CSS:

    • Selectors: CSS styles are applied to elements by locating them using CSS selectors.
    • IDs: Unique identifiers for individual elements, specified by # followed by the ID name.
    • Classes: Tags that apply styles to multiple elements that can share the same class name, specified by . followed by the class name.
    • Group selectors: Multiple CSS selectors separated by commas are used to apply the same styles to a group of elements.
    • Color properties include RGB and hexadecimal values specifying color
    • Font properties: Set using fonts.

  • CSS Display:

    • Display property can change the way elements are rendered (e.g., inline or block-level elements).

  • GitHub Pages: A service to create a website using Git.

  • Templates/frameworks: pre-built websites are a practical alternative for creating a new webpage.

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CS1102 Introduction to Computer Studies Lecture 04 - Web Development: HTML and CSS PDF

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