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Which of the following is an example of a fifth generation programming language?
A compiler executes the program line by line as it runs.
False
What is the main purpose of 4GLs?
To reduce the overall time, effort, and cost of software development.
Web languages such as ______ and ______ are commonly used for creating and editing web pages.
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Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:
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What is a computer?
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Humans and computers both follow instructions in the same manner.
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What is a program?
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The cycle that describes the transformation of raw data into organized information is called the __________.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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Which of the following statements is true about programming?
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The perspective of a programmer regarding a program is the same as that of a user.
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What major quality distinguishes humans from computers when following instructions?
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Which of the following is true about machine language?
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Assembly language is more difficult to understand than machine language.
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What is the primary purpose of a translator called an assembler?
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Most modern programming languages belong to the ______ generation.
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Match the following programming language generations with their descriptions:
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Which of the following describes a third generation language (3GL)?
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Higher-level programming languages are more powerful than assembly language.
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List one example of a third generation programming language.
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Study Notes
Objectives of Programming Concepts
- Understand basic terms: hardware, software, computer, information processing cycle, and programming.
- Learn communication between a program and a computer.
- Explore the generations of programming languages.
- Identify examples of various programming languages.
- Familiarize with different programming paradigms.
Basic Terms Defined
- Computer: An electronic device that executes instructions stored in memory; accepts data, processes it into information, and produces useful results.
- Information Processing Cycle: The systematic sequence of accepting data, processing it, and outputting results.
- Program: A set of instructions directing a computer on how to perform specific tasks, detailing data, processes, and results.
- Programming: The creation of instructions that solve problems through systematic procedures.
Perspectives of a Program
- User perspective: An executable file that can be run repeatedly to perform tasks.
- Programmer perspective: A text file containing the program's source instructions.
Differences Between Humans and Computers
- Humans possess judgment and free will; they may selectively follow instructions.
- Computers execute commands exactly as given, without judgment.
Program-Computer Interaction
- Computers understand binary or machine language, and programs communicate through this language.
Programming Languages Overview
- An artificial language created to convey instructions to a computer for programming and controlling machine behavior.
Generations of Programming Languages
- Machine Language (1GL): Comprised of 0s and 1s, historically tough to read and code.
- Assembly Language (2GL): Uses English-like phrases for better human comprehension, translated into object code by an assembler.
Higher-Level Programming Languages
- Higher-level languages provide more powerful and user-friendly programming experiences, categorized into three generations:
- Third Generation (3GL): Easier for humans; examples include BASIC, C, C++, and Java; supports structured programming.
- Fourth Generation (4GL): Closer to natural language; designed to minimize development time; often used for database operations (e.g., MySQL).
- Fifth Generation (5GL): Allows computers to solve problems autonomously, primarily utilized in artificial intelligence.
Translating High-Level Languages
- Source Code Generation: Developed by the programmer.
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Object Code Generation: Achieved via:
- Compiling: Entire program translated before execution.
- Interpreting: Translates high-level instructions into machine code line by line during execution.
Need for Different Programming Languages
- Web Languages: For creating and editing website pages, including HTML, CSS, JAVA, PHP, Ruby.
- Software Languages: For building executable programs, including C, C++, QT, Visual Basic, Java.
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Description
This quiz covers essential programming concepts including basic terms such as hardware, software, and the information processing cycle. Additionally, it explores how programs communicate with computers and introduces various programming languages and paradigms. Test your understanding of key foundational topics in programming.
