Questions and Answers
Which of the following components is essential for a machine to be classified as a computer?
Which of these functions is NOT typically associated with the use of computers in professional settings?
Which of the following represents a common ethical issue in digital citizenship?
Which of these terms best describes a device that can be instructed to perform specific tasks?
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In what context are computers used for accessing information?
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What was a significant development in the history of computers?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a component of a computer?
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Which activity is an example of computers being used in academic settings?
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What is the significance of Moore's Law in computing?
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What was the first mechanical calculator credited with advanced computing capabilities?
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Which of the following factors is NOT a part of the digital divide?
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During which era did the age of microprocessors begin?
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What does digital literacy encompass?
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Which computer was significant for the advent of personal and ubiquitous computing in the 1980s?
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What historical device functioned as an early mechanical calculator in Sumer?
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Which barrier is identified as a geographic limitation affecting digital access?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Understand the definition and components of a computer.
- Explore computers' applications in societal, academic, and professional contexts.
- Learn about the history of computers and their evolution over time.
- Discuss social and ethical issues including the Digital Divide and the concept of Digital Citizenship.
Definition of a Computer
- A computer is a machine designed for calculations and computations.
- Essential functions include input (receiving data), output (displaying information), processing (data manipulation), storage (data saving), and programmability (task instruction through software).
Computers in Various Contexts
- Academic Use: Used for accessing learning management systems, reading materials, communicating with peers, and writing assignments.
- Professional Use: Employed for budget tracking, data transfer, and virtual meetings.
- Societal Impact: Integral in weather forecasting, entertainment, finance, healthcare, information access, and job searches.
History of Computing
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Ancient Era:
- Abacus: First computational tool, originating in Sumer and China.
- Antikythera Mechanism: Ancient Greek analog computer (ca. 100 BC).
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19th Century:
- Analytical Engine conceptualized by Babbage, with contributions from Ada Lovelace.
- Arithmometer: Early mechanical calculator invented by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar (1887).
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20th Century Developments:
- ENIAC: The first electronic general-purpose computer (1945).
- UNIVAC: The first commercially available computer (1951).
- Transition through the ages of transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors (1950s-1970s).
- Introduction of personal computers like Apple II in 1978.
- Emergence of quantum computing projects (2030s).
Moore’s Law
- Proposed by Gordon Moore, stating that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, illustrating a trend of continuous technological advancement.
Digital Literacy and Citizenship
- Digital Literacy: The efficient use of digital tools, critical evaluation of digital content, and responsible online behavior.
- Being digitally literate equates to being a responsible Digital Citizen.
Issues in Computing
- Digital Divide: The gap between individuals and communities that have easy access to digital tools and those that do not.
- Contributing factors include:
- Geographical: Remote areas lacking access to power and internet connectivity.
- Political: Restrictions on internet use in certain countries like North Korea.
- Economic: Inability to afford computers and internet services, creating barriers to digital access.
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational concepts of computer systems as introduced in CS100 Week 1. Students will explore key components of computers, essential terminologies, and their applications in various fields. Additionally, the history of computers will be examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vital technology.
