CS 241: Operating System Lecture 2 - OS Technology Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What does the BIOS load from the hard drive of the selected boot device?

  • The first 512 bytes known as the MBR (correct)
  • The entire operating system
  • The EFI System Partition (ESP)
  • The entire partition table

    • What is the primary function of a bootloader?

  • To boot a computer (correct)
  • To initialize the operating system
  • To manage the EFI System Partition (ESP)
  • To partition the hard drive

    • What is the main limitation of BIOS?

  • It can only boot from a hard drive
  • It can only boot a single operating system
  • It can only boot in 16-bit mode (correct)
  • It can only boot from a floppy disk

    • What is the primary difference between BIOS and UEFI?

    <p>UEFI stores initialization information in an .efi file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of dynamic disks?

    <p>They allow for expanding the capacity of volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of BIOS during the start-up procedure?

    <p>To perform start-up procedures and determine available devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in an EEPROM?

    <p>The BIOS program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of UEFI over BIOS?

    <p>UEFI can handle larger drives than BIOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the POST process, what does BIOS do?

    <p>It scans the IO buses for attached hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of BIOS managing data flow between the OS and devices?

    <p>So the OS and application programs do not need to know hardware addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

    • Computer program stored in EPROM, used by CPU to perform start-up procedures when computer is turned on
    • Performs two major procedures: determining available devices (keyboard, mouse, disk drives, printers, video cards, etc.) and loading OS into main memory
    • Manages data flow between OS and devices, hiding hardware addresses from OS and application programs

    Boot Process

    • BIOS stored on EEPROM (Electrically-erasable programmable ROM)
    • During POST (Power-On Self Test), BIOS bridges various PC parts, sets up video display, initializes memory banks, and grants CPU access to hardware
    • Scans IO buses for attached hardware, identifies and maps access to hard disks

    MBR (Master Boot Record)

    • 512 bytes loaded from hard drive of selected boot device
    • Contains partition table, an index of up to four partitions on same disk
    • Without MBR, entire disk could only contain one partition, limiting filesystems on same drive

    Bootloader

    • Computer program responsible for booting computer
    • Examples: GNU GRUB (GNU GRand Unified Bootloader), NTLDR (NT loader) for Windows NT operating system, Windows Boot Manager (bootmgr) based on NTLDR

    BIOS vs UEFI

    • BIOS: works in 16-bit mode, limits code that can be read and executed from firmware ROM
    • UEFI: stores initialization and startup information in .efi file, stores boot loader programs in EFI System Partition (ESP)
    • UEFI meant to replace BIOS, bringing new features and enhancements

    Disk Types

    Basic Disk

    • Supported by all Windows operating systems, including MS-DOS, Windows 95/98
    • Uses partition table to track partitions and volumes
    • Cannot change partition capacity once created

    Dynamic Disk

    • Supported by Windows 2000, XP, 2003, 2008, 2011, 2012, Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8
    • Uses hidden logical disk manager (LDM) or virtual disk service (VDS) to track partitions and volumes
    • Can expand volume capacity after creation

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of Operating System technology concepts, including BIOS, its functions, and its role in the startup process. Learn about the primary input/output system and its interaction with the CPU and devices.

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