C.S. 150 Chapter 12 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a pointer variable?

A variable whose content is a memory address.

The character * describes a pointer variable. Which of the following statements is true?

  • int *p, q; - p is a pointer variable, q is not.
  • int *p, *q; - p and q are both pointer variables.
  • Both A and B are correct. (correct)
  • None of the above.

    • What is the address of operator (&)?

    A unary operator that returns the address of its operand.

    What does the dereferencing operator (or indirection operator) do when used as a unary operator?

    <p>It refers to the object to which its operand points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C++, pointer variables are declared using the reserved word pointer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the declaration int* p, q; both p and q are pointer variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C++, you declare a pointer variable by using the ____ symbol.

    <ul> <li></li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Int*p; declares p to be a(n) ____ variable.

    <p>Pointer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C++, the member access operator arrow is >>.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variables that are created during program execution are called ______________.

    <p>dynamic variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C++ operator ____ is used to create dynamic variables.

    <p>new</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a memory leak?

    <p>Previously allocated memory that cannot be reallocated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A memory leak is an unused memory space that cannot be allocated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C++ operator ____ is used to destroy dynamic variables.

    <p>delete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assignment in relation to pointer variables?

    <p>The value of one pointer variable can be assigned to another pointer of the same type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following operations is allowed on pointer variables?

    <p>==</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arithmetic operations is allowed on pointer variables?

    <p>Increment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If p is a pointer variable, the statement p = p + 1; is valid in C++.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the statement double*p;, the statement p++; will increment the value of p by ____ byte(s).

    <p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of x after the following statements execute? int x = 25; int *p; p = &x; *p = 46;

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dynamic array?

    <p>An array created during program execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the declaration int *a;, the statement a = new int; dynamically allocates an array of 50 components of the type ____.

    <p>int</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An array created during the execution of a program is called a(n) ____ array.

    <p>dynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pointer variable can be passed as a parameter either by _________ or by reference.

    <p>value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A function can _______ a value of type pointer.

    <p>return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shallow copy?

    <p>When two or more pointers of the same types point to the same memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a deep copy?

    <p>When the contents of the memory pointed to by a pointer are copied to the memory location of another pointer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a ____ copy, two or more pointers of the same type point to the same memory.

    <p>shallow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a ____ copy, two or more pointers have their own data.

    <p>deep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A class ____ automatically executes whenever a class object goes out of scope.

    <p>destructor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a copy constructor?

    <p>A constructor that accepts an object of the same class as an argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pointers

    • A pointer variable holds the memory address of another variable.
    • Declaring pointer variables uses the * symbol; for example, int *p declares p as a pointer to an integer.
    • The address of operator & retrieves the memory address of its operand.
    • The dereferencing operator * accesses the value at the memory address stored in a pointer.

    Memory Management

    • Dynamic variables are created during program execution and can utilize the new operator for allocation and the delete operator for destruction.
    • Memory leak occurs when allocated memory is no longer accessible, preventing reallocation.
    • Unused memory space that cannot be allocated signifies a memory leak.

    Pointer Operations

    • Pointer assignments allow values of one pointer variable to be assigned to another of the same type.
    • Pointer arithmetic, including operations like incrementing a pointer (p++), adjusts addresses based on the type pointed to (e.g., double*p increments by 8 bytes).
    • Valid operations on pointers include equality comparison (==) and incrementing.

    Dynamic Arrays

    • Dynamic arrays are arrays allocated during program execution.
    • Allocation of a dynamic array can be performed using new, such as a = new int.

    Copies

    • A shallow copy allows multiple pointers to reference the same memory location, while a deep copy creates independent copies of the pointed data.
    • Deep copy involves duplicating the contents of the memory to another pointer's location, ensuring both pointers maintain separate copies.

    Classes & Object Lifecycle

    • A destructor is a class member function that executes automatically when an object goes out of scope, facilitating resource deallocation.
    • A copy constructor is a constructor that creates a new object as a copy of an existing object from the same class.

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    Test your knowledge on pointers, classes, and virtual functions with these flashcards from C.S. 150 Chapter 12. Each card provides a term and its definition, helping you grasp key concepts essential for understanding memory management and object-oriented programming.

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