Crystal Structures: Tetragonal vs Orthorhombic
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Questions and Answers

Which one of the following mineral properties is not mentioned in the text?

  • Cleavage
  • Specific Gravity
  • Hexagonal Crystal Structure (correct)
  • Hardness

    • What is the relationship between a mineral's specific gravity and its weight compared to water?

  • A mineral with a specific gravity of 4.5 is four and a half times heavier than water.
  • A mineral with a specific gravity of 1.5 is one and a half times lighter than water.
  • A mineral with a specific gravity of 1.5 is one and a half times heavier than water. (correct)
  • A mineral with a specific gravity of 4.5 is four and a half times lighter than water.

    • Which type of silicate is described in the text as containing iron or magnesium joined to the silicate structure?

  • Monoclinic silicates
  • Triclinic silicates
  • Ferromagnesian silicates (correct)
  • Orthorhombic silicates

    • What is the basic structure of a silicate mineral according to the text?

    <p>A silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cleavage and fracture in minerals?

    <p>Cleavage refers to the planar breakage of minerals, while fracture refers to the non-planar breakage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of minerals is described in the text as being measurable using complex lab tools or simple procedures involving beakers and water displacement?

    <p>Specific Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crystal structure has three symmetrical axes in the same plane and all of equal length?

    <p>Hexagonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which crystal structure do the axes intersect at angles other than 90°?

    <p>Monoclinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crystal structure has two axes lying in the same plane at right angles to each other with the third axis inclined?

    <p>Monoclinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral property refers to the resistance of a mineral to scratching?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crystal structure is characterized by a rectangular prism with a rectangular base?

    <p>Orthorhombic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many axes do triclinic crystals have?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hexagonal crystal structure is correct?

    <p>It has three equal axes, all at 60° angles to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mineral properties is a measure of a mineral's resistance to scratching or abrasion?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crystal systems has three unequal axes, with all angles between the axes being oblique (not 90°)?

    <p>Triclinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crystal systems has two equal axes and one longer or shorter axis, with one angle between the axes being oblique (not 90°)?

    <p>Monoclinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crystal systems has three unequal axes, all at 90° angles to each other?

    <p>Orthorhombic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the isometric crystal system is correct?

    <p>It has three equal axes, all at 90° angles to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mineral Properties and Characteristics

    • Specific gravity compares a mineral's weight to water; minerals denser than water have a specific gravity greater than 1.
    • Silicates containing iron or magnesium are termed ferromagnesian silicates.
    • The fundamental structure of a silicate mineral comprises a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.
    • Cleavage refers to a mineral's tendency to break along flat planes, while fracture describes irregular breakage without distinct planes.
    • Density is measurable through methods like water displacement, requiring either complex lab equipment or simple beakers.

    Crystal Structures

    • A crystal structure with three symmetrical axes of equal length lies in the same plane and is termed isometric or cubic.
    • Axes that intersect at angles other than 90° belong to the triclinic crystal system.
    • The tetragonal system features two axes in the same plane at right angles, with the third axis inclined.
    • Resistance to scratching is referred to as hardness.
    • The orthorhombic crystal structure is characterized by a rectangular prism with a rectangular base.
    • Triclinic crystals possess three axes that are all unequal and do not intersect at right angles.

    Crystal Systems and Properties

    • Hexagonal crystal structures feature a specific arrangement where a set of axes aligns in a unique way, generally having a fourfold symmetry.
    • Hardness is a measure of resistance to scratching or abrasion, an important property in identifying minerals.
    • The monoclinic crystal system has two axes equal with one that is unequal and one angle between them being oblique.
    • The orthorhombic crystal system consists of three unequal axes all intersecting at 90° angles.
    • The isometric crystal system is symmetric with three equal axes, emphasizing its uniformity in dimensions.

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    Description

    Explore the differences in axes length relationships and angles between Pyrite Tetragonal Crystal Structure and Zircon Orthorhombic Crystal Structure. Understand how the axes are oriented in each crystal system.

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