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Questions and Answers
What factor is NOT considered when selecting materials for a particular application?
What factor is NOT considered when selecting materials for a particular application?
- Availability
- Ease of manufacture
- Environmental impact (correct)
- Cost
Which property makes plastic a suitable choice for the outer casing of an electrical cable?
Which property makes plastic a suitable choice for the outer casing of an electrical cable?
- Magnetic properties
- Malleability under heat
- High thermal conductivity
- Excellent electrical insulator (correct)
Why is brass used for the core of the electrical cable instead of silver?
Why is brass used for the core of the electrical cable instead of silver?
- Silver is too brittle for this application.
- Brass has better tensile strength than silver.
- Brass is lighter than silver.
- Brass is more abundant and cheaper than silver. (correct)
Which of the following is NOT an engineering property of materials mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT an engineering property of materials mentioned in the content?
Which characteristic of a material is especially crucial for electrical conductors?
Which characteristic of a material is especially crucial for electrical conductors?
What is one of the main benefits of studying metallurgy for material selection?
What is one of the main benefits of studying metallurgy for material selection?
Which process allows materials to be easily shaped for various engineering uses?
Which process allows materials to be easily shaped for various engineering uses?
What is the main purpose of using alloys in engineering materials?
What is the main purpose of using alloys in engineering materials?
What is the ideal c/a ratio for an HCP crystal structure?
What is the ideal c/a ratio for an HCP crystal structure?
Which metals have c/a ratios that are less than the ideal for HCP structure?
Which metals have c/a ratios that are less than the ideal for HCP structure?
What is the atomic packing factor (APF) for a Body Centered Cubic (BCC) structure?
What is the atomic packing factor (APF) for a Body Centered Cubic (BCC) structure?
How is the volume of a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure calculated?
How is the volume of a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure calculated?
What is the APF for the Face Centered Cubic (FCC) structure?
What is the APF for the Face Centered Cubic (FCC) structure?
Which of the following describes metals with c/a ratios higher than ideality in the HCP structure?
Which of the following describes metals with c/a ratios higher than ideality in the HCP structure?
What factor is necessary for calculating the hexagonal area needed for HCP?
What factor is necessary for calculating the hexagonal area needed for HCP?
What is the relationship between the basal side a and height c in terms of the c/a ratio?
What is the relationship between the basal side a and height c in terms of the c/a ratio?
What defines ferrous metals?
What defines ferrous metals?
Which application is primarily associated with ferrous metals?
Which application is primarily associated with ferrous metals?
What is a characteristic of non-ferrous metals?
What is a characteristic of non-ferrous metals?
Which of the following materials is classified as a non-metallic material?
Which of the following materials is classified as a non-metallic material?
What is the main use of rubber as mentioned?
What is the main use of rubber as mentioned?
Which application is preferred for ceramics?
Which application is preferred for ceramics?
What process is used to create glass?
What process is used to create glass?
What is a characteristic of composite materials like wood?
What is a characteristic of composite materials like wood?
What is a composite material primarily characterized by?
What is a composite material primarily characterized by?
Which of the following is NOT a type of matrix used in composite materials?
Which of the following is NOT a type of matrix used in composite materials?
What unique properties do nano materials exhibit at the nanoscale?
What unique properties do nano materials exhibit at the nanoscale?
Which statement best describes a unit cell in a crystal structure?
Which statement best describes a unit cell in a crystal structure?
What is the significance of the space lattice in solid materials?
What is the significance of the space lattice in solid materials?
In what application would composite materials primarily be utilized?
In what application would composite materials primarily be utilized?
What is the particle size of a nanometer in relation to a human hair?
What is the particle size of a nanometer in relation to a human hair?
Which of the following describes the primary function of diamonds in industrial applications?
Which of the following describes the primary function of diamonds in industrial applications?
What is the coordination number of the Body Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal structure?
What is the coordination number of the Body Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal structure?
How many atoms are there in one unit cell of the Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal structure?
How many atoms are there in one unit cell of the Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal structure?
Which of the following elements has a BCC crystal structure?
Which of the following elements has a BCC crystal structure?
What is the atomic packing factor (APF) for the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) structure?
What is the atomic packing factor (APF) for the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) structure?
In a Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal structure, how many nearest neighbors does each atom have?
In a Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal structure, how many nearest neighbors does each atom have?
What type of atom arrangement does the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) structure utilize?
What type of atom arrangement does the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) structure utilize?
Which of the following elements is typical of the FCC crystal structure?
Which of the following elements is typical of the FCC crystal structure?
In terms of coordination number, how do HCP and FCC structures compare?
In terms of coordination number, how do HCP and FCC structures compare?
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Study Notes
c/a Ratio in HCP Crystal Structure
- The c/a ratio is the ratio of the height (c) of a hexagonal prism in an HCP crystal structure to its basal side (a).
- The ideal c/a ratio for a tightly packed HCP structure is 1.633.
- Cadmium and zinc have c/a ratios greater than the ideal ratio, indicating an elongated structure.
- Magnesium, cobalt, zirconium, titanium, and beryllium have c/a ratios less than the ideal ratio, indicating a compressed structure.
Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
- APF measures the proportion of space occupied by atoms in a crystal structure.
- APF values are calculated using the volume of atoms and the volume of the unit cell.
BCC Crystal Structure
- BCC structure has atoms at each corner of the cube and one atom at the center of the cube.
- Coordination number is 8, meaning each atom is in contact with eight other atoms.
- Examples of BCC metals include chromium, iron, and sodium.
- Each unit cell contains two atoms.
FCC Crystal Structure
- FCC structure has atoms at each corner of the cube and one atom at the center of each face.
- Coordination number is 12.
- Examples of FCC metals include aluminum and gold.
- Each unit cell contains four atoms.
HCP Crystal Structure
- HCP structure has atoms at each corner of a hexagonal prism, two atoms at top and bottom faces, and three atoms in between top and bottom face.
- Similar to FCC, the HCP structure has an APF of 0.74, indicating tightly packed atoms.
- Coordination number is 12.
- Each unit cell contains six atoms.
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