Podcast
Questions and Answers
What causes the splitting of the d-orbitals in a complex due to the ligand field?
What causes the splitting of the d-orbitals in a complex due to the ligand field?
In an Oh complex, which orbitals point directly at the ligands along the axes, causing more repulsion?
In an Oh complex, which orbitals point directly at the ligands along the axes, causing more repulsion?
Which type of ligands cause only a small degree of splitting of d-orbitals in a complex?
Which type of ligands cause only a small degree of splitting of d-orbitals in a complex?
What is the term for the preferential filling of the lower lying d-levels in an octahedral complex?
What is the term for the preferential filling of the lower lying d-levels in an octahedral complex?
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How does the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) change as the splitting ability of ligands decreases?
How does the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) change as the splitting ability of ligands decreases?
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According to Crystal Field Theory (CFT), how are the five d-orbitals described?
According to Crystal Field Theory (CFT), how are the five d-orbitals described?
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How does Crystal Field Theory (CFT) differ from Valence Bond Theory (VBT) in terms of the metal-ligand bonding?
How does Crystal Field Theory (CFT) differ from Valence Bond Theory (VBT) in terms of the metal-ligand bonding?
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According to Crystal Field Theory (CFT), how does it view the surrounding ligand ions like F- and Cl-?
According to Crystal Field Theory (CFT), how does it view the surrounding ligand ions like F- and Cl-?
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What is the basis of M-L bonding according to Crystal Field Theory (CFT)?
What is the basis of M-L bonding according to Crystal Field Theory (CFT)?
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Why do the energy levels of d-orbitals raise in Crystal Field Theory (CFT) when a spherically symmetrical field of negative charge is placed around the metal ion?
Why do the energy levels of d-orbitals raise in Crystal Field Theory (CFT) when a spherically symmetrical field of negative charge is placed around the metal ion?
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Study Notes
Ligand Field and d-Orbital Splitting
- The ligand field causes the splitting of the d-orbitals in a complex due to the electrostatic repulsion between the ligands and the metal ion's d-orbitals.
Octahedral (Oh) Complexes
- In an Oh complex, the dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands along the axes, causing more repulsion and resulting in a higher energy level.
- The dxy, dyz, and dxz orbitals point between the axes, resulting in a lower energy level.
Ligand Types and Splitting
- Weak field ligands, such as I- and Cl-, cause only a small degree of splitting of d-orbitals in a complex.
d-Level Filling and CFSE
- The preferential filling of the lower lying d-levels in an octahedral complex is known as the electronic configuration.
- As the splitting ability of ligands decreases, the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) also decreases.
Crystal Field Theory (CFT)
- According to CFT, the five d-orbitals are described as being split into two sets: the higher energy dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, and the lower energy dxy, dyz, and dxz orbitals.
- CFT differs from Valence Bond Theory (VBT) in that it views metal-ligand bonding as purely electrostatic, whereas VBT views it as covalent.
- CFT views the surrounding ligand ions, such as F- and Cl-, as point charges that interact with the metal ion.
- The basis of M-L bonding according to CFT is the electrostatic attraction between the metal ion and the surrounding ligand ions.
Energy Levels of d-Orbitals
- The energy levels of d-orbitals raise in CFT when a spherically symmetrical field of negative charge is placed around the metal ion, due to the increased electrostatic repulsion.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the differences between Crystal Field Theory and Ligand Field Theory and their ability to explain spectral, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties of complexes. Learn about the degenerate d-orbitals, t2g and eg orbitals, and the physicists behind the development of these theories.
