Cryptographic Hash Functions: Course Overview

Learn about keyless algorithms and cryptographic hash functions in the course 'Fundamentals of Network Security and Defense'. Explore how hash functions are used to generate fixed-length values for cryptography and their importance in cryptographic algorithms.

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a cryptographic hash function?

To turn text into a fixed-length value called a hash

Which type of algorithm depends on the use of a secret key?

Symmetric encryption algorithm

What does a pseudorandom number generator produce?

A deterministic sequence of numbers or bits that appears random

In symmetric encryption, what does an encryption algorithm take as input?

Data to be protected and a secret key Signup and view all the answers

What properties make a cryptographic hash function useful for cryptography?

Fixed-length output and deterministic behavior Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a single-key cryptographic algorithm from others?

Depends on the use of a secret key Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a secret key in the permutation process?

To make the permutation look random without the key Signup and view all the answers

In public-key encryption, what component is responsible for producing the scrambled message?

Encryption algorithm Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the decryption algorithm in public-key encryption?

Converts ciphertext back to original plaintext Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential steps in public-key encryption?

Generating a pair of keys and sharing one publicly Signup and view all the answers

Which component in public-key encryption varies for two different keys even with the same message?

Ciphertext Signup and view all the answers

What transformation does the encryption algorithm perform on the plaintext?

Converts plaintext to ciphertext Signup and view all the answers

What is the average time required for exhaustive key search when using a 128-bit key?

5.4 x 10^1024 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the key search time is true?

An increase in decryption speed by a factor of 1 trillion (10^12) significantly reduces the time required to break codes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a permutation in the context of encryption algorithms?

An ordered sequence of elements with each appearing exactly once. Signup and view all the answers

How many permutations are possible for a set S = {a, b, c}?

6 permutations Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a function to be a permutation in encryption algorithms?

The function is reversible with one-to-one correspondence between inputs and outputs. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly affects the time required for exhaustive key search in symmetric encryption algorithms?

The number of alternative keys available. Signup and view all the answers

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