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Questions and Answers
Which method of irrigation involves the use of a network of pipes to distribute water directly to the plants?
Which method of irrigation involves the use of a network of pipes to distribute water directly to the plants?
What does the term 'consumptive use' in irrigation primarily refer to?
What does the term 'consumptive use' in irrigation primarily refer to?
Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered when evaluating the quality of irrigation water?
Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered when evaluating the quality of irrigation water?
In terms of soil-water relationships, what is 'infiltration' best defined as?
In terms of soil-water relationships, what is 'infiltration' best defined as?
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What is typically measured to determine the irrigation frequency required for a crop?
What is typically measured to determine the irrigation frequency required for a crop?
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Study Notes
Crops and Crop Seasons in India
- India has diverse climatic conditions, leading to a variety of cropping patterns across the country.
- The major crop seasons are:
- Rabi: October to April
- Kharif: June to October
- Zaid: March to June
Cropping Pattern
- Cropping pattern: Refers to the sequence and types of crops grown in a particular area over a specific period.
- Factors influencing cropping patterns include:
- Climate
- Soil type
- Market demand
- Availability of irrigation
Duty and Delta
- Duty: Represents the area of land that can be irrigated with a unit volume of irrigation water.
- Delta: Indicates the depth of water required to raise the water table by one unit.
- Relationship: Duty and delta are inversely proportional.
Quality of Irrigation Water
- Water quality affects crop yield and can cause soil degradation.
- Essential factors to consider:
- Salinity
- Sodium concentration
- pH Level
Soil-Water Relationships
- Soil acts as a reservoir for water that plants utilize.
- Key concepts:
- Root zone soil water: Water available for plant growth.
- Infiltration: The process of water entering the soil.
- Consumptive use: Water used by plants for growth and transpiration.
- Irrigation requirement: The amount of water needed to meet the crop's water needs.
- Frequency of irrigation: How often irrigation is applied based on crop stage and soil moisture.
Methods of Applying Water to Fields
-
Surface irrigation: Water flows over the surface of the soil, simple but inefficient, and can lead to waterlogging.
- Examples: Furrow irrigation, border irrigation, basin irrigation.
- Subsurface irrigation: Water applied below the soil surface, reducing evaporation and increasing water use efficiency.
- Sprinkler irrigation: Water applied through a network of sprinkler heads, suitable for uneven terrain, but can be energy intensive.
- Pipeline distribution network (PDN): Allows for efficient water distribution from a source to the field.
- Trickle/Drip irrigation: Water delivered directly to the root zone of plants, highly efficient, but requires specialized equipment and maintenance.
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Description
Explore the diverse cropping patterns and seasonal cycles in India. This quiz covers major crop seasons such as Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid, as well as the factors influencing cropping patterns and irrigation techniques. Test your knowledge of agricultural practices in the Indian context.
