Crop Protection: Insects and Products
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of entomology?

  • The study of plant diseases
  • The classification of arthropods
  • The rearing of livestock
  • The study of insect behavior and interactions (correct)

    • Which of the following products is derived from the cactus mealybug?

  • Royal jelly
  • Cochineal dye (correct)
  • Silk
  • Shellac

    • What component of insects acts as an anticoagulant for tissue repair in humans?

  • Cochineal
  • Shellac
  • Chitin (correct)
  • Wax

    • Which feature is characteristic of insects but not other arthropods?

    <p>Three pairs of legs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the insect body wall is primarily responsible for secreting molting fluid?

    <p>Epidermal cell layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which body part of the insect are spiracles primarily found?

    <p>Abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of an insect’s cuticle called?

    <p>Epicuticle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the rearing of honeybees?

    <p>Apiculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of siphoning mouthparts in adult Lepidopterans?

    <p>To suck up nectar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antennae is characterized by segments that taper distally and resemble bristles?

    <p>Setaceous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chewing mouthparts, which components are primarily responsible for pushing food into the esophagus?

    <p>Maxillae and labium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antennae is described as having segments that are nearly uniformly cylindrical in size?

    <p>Filiform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes serrate antennae from other types?

    <p>Segments have a sawlike appearance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the antenna is the basal segment called?

    <p>Scape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antennae is specifically described as being clubbed, with segments that gradually increase in diameter distally?

    <p>Clavate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of rasping sucking mouthparts primarily designed for?

    <p>To rasp and suck liquids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basement membrane in the body?

    <p>To separate body wall from internal organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mouthpart type in insects is characterized by the presence of both mandibles and a proboscis?

    <p>Chewing-sucking mouthparts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of maxillae in insect mouthparts?

    <p>To stabilize food during mastication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hypognathous insects orient their mouthparts?

    <p>Mouthparts positioned ventrally with a vertical head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insect is an example of having chewing-sucking mouthparts?

    <p>Honeybee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do bio-indicators play in entomology?

    <p>They serve as markers of environmental health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation do piercing-sucking mouthparts in insects feature?

    <p>Stylets formed from mandibles and maxillae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes insects that have mouthparts directed backward?

    <p>Opisthognathous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Entomology

    The branch of zoology focusing on insects and their interactions with the environment and other species.

    Exoskeleton

    The external skeleton that provides support and protection to an insect's body.

    Three pairs of legs

    A key characteristic of insects, they have three pairs of jointed legs attached to the thorax.

    Three body parts

    Insects have three distinct body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen, each with specific functions.

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    Cuticle

    The tough, outer layer of an insect's body, composed of three layers: epicuticle, exocuticle, and endocuticle.

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    Endocuticle

    The innermost layer of the cuticle, providing thickness and strength.

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    Exocuticle

    The middle layer of the cuticle, giving it strength and resilience.

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    Epicuticle

    The outermost layer of the cuticle, containing wax and cement.

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    Proboscis (Moths & Butterflies)

    A long, tube-like structure formed from modified mouthparts used by moths and butterflies to suck up nectar.

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    Chewing Mouthparts (Insects)

    Mouthparts designed for chewing solid food, found in most insects.

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    Rasping Sucking Mouthparts

    A type of mouthpart combining rasping and sucking actions, found in insects like aphids.

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    Scape (Antennae)

    The first segment of the antenna, connecting it to the insect's head.

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    Pedicel (Antennae)

    The second segment of the antenna, located between the scape and flagellum.

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    Flagellum (Antennae)

    The elongated, whip-like part of the antenna beyond the pedicel.

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    Setaceous Antennae

    Antennae with bristle-like segments that taper towards the tip.

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    Filiform Antennae

    Antennae with thread-like segments that are nearly uniform in size.

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    Basement membrane

    The membrane separating the insect's body wall from its internal organs.

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    Prognathous mouthparts

    Mouthparts directed forward; head is horizontal.

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    Hypognathous mouthparts

    Mouthparts located ventrally; head is vertical.

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    Opisthognathous mouthparts

    Mouthparts directed backwards.

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    Labrum

    The upper lip of the insect's mouth, serving as a cover for other mouthparts.

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    Maxillae

    The 'pincers' of an insect's mouth, used to hold and manipulate food, and have sensory palps for taste.

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    Labium

    The 'lower lip' of an insect's mouth, covering the lower part of the maxillae.

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    Study Notes

    Crop Protection Reviewer

    • Entomology is the branch of Zoology that studies insects and their interaction with the environment and other species.

    • Insects are arthropods, a diverse group of segmented, bilaterally symmetrical animals with a hard, chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages. They are the most abundant group of organisms on Earth.

    Products from Insects

    • Apiculture is the rearing of honeybees ( Apis mellifera) for honey, beeswax, and other products like royal jelly.

    • Sericulture involves the rearing of silkworms (Bombyx mori) to produce silk.

    • Shellac is a sticky brown resinous substance produced from the lac insect's scale. It is used in various products, including polishes and sealing wax.

    • Cochineal is a red dye extracted from the dried bodies of the cactus mealybug. It finds use in food coloring and cosmetics.

    • Chitin is a component of insect exoskeletons. It is also used as an anticoagulant in humans for tissue repair.

    Insects

    • Exoskeleton: Arthropods (including insects) have an external skeleton that supports and protects their bodies.

    • Three Pairs of Legs: This is a defining characteristic of insects that distinguishes them from other arthropods.

    • Three Distinct Body Parts: Insects have a head, thorax, and abdomen.

    • Head: Bears antennae, eyes, and mouthparts.

    • Thorax: Bears wings (one or two pairs) and legs.

    • Abdomen: Bears abdominal segments, spiracles, and the reproductive system.

    General Insect Morphology

    • Body wall: Composed of three parts

    • Epidermal cells: Secrete molting fluid in the growth process.

    • Cuticle: Non-cellular layer that lines the body surface and various internal structures.

    • Epicuticle: Outermost, thin layer.

    • Exocuticle: Middle layer for strength and resilience.

    • Endocuticle: Innermost, thick layer.

    • Basement membrane: Separates the body wall from internal organs.

    • Importance of Entomology:

    • Economically important as pests & natural enemies.

    • Bio-indicators

    • Medical & Veterinary importance

    Insect Mouthparts

    • Mouthparts vary depending on the insect's diet.
    • Chewing-sucking (honeybees): use mandibles for manipulating food and a proboscis for sucking.
    • Piercing-sucking (mosquitoes): mandibles and maxillae form a needle-like stylet for piercing and sucking.
    • Sponging (houseflies): spongy pad at the end of the labellum for slurping.
    • Siphoning (moths and butterflies): a tube-like proboscis formed from modified mouthparts for sucking.
    • Chewing (most insects): mandibles for cutting and grinding food.
    • Rasping-sucking: cone-shaped beak.

    Antennae

    • Antennae are sensory structures used for detecting various stimuli—e.g. smells, vibrations, wind.
    • Three parts: scape, pedicel, flagellum.
    • Types: Setaceous, filiform, moniliform, serrate, pectinate, clavate, capitate, lamellate, geniculate, plumose, aristate, and styliate.

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    Crop Protection Reviewer PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of entomology and its significance in agriculture and ecology. This quiz covers various aspects of insect biology, products derived from insects like honey and silk, and their roles in the ecosystem. Test your knowledge on these topics and their applications!

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