Crop Production & Management

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Questions and Answers

What is meant by the term 'crop' in agriculture?

When plants of the same kind are grown or cultivated at one place on a large scale.

What are Kharif crops?

Crops grown during the monsoon season.

Define agriculture.

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

What are agricultural practices?

<p>The series of activities performed by farmers, in a particular sequence, over a period of time to cultivate crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does soil preparation involve in agriculture?

<p>It involves ploughing or tilling, levelling, and sometimes adding nutrients (manuring).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ploughing or tilling?

<p>Loosening and turning the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is humus?

<p>Organic material formed from the decay of dead plants and animals found in the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'crumbs' in the context of soil preparation?

<p>Big lumps or clods of soil found after ploughing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Levelling involves making the soil surface uneven after ploughing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of levellers in agriculture?

<p>They are implements used to crush soil crumbs and level the field surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sowing?

<p>The process of planting seeds in the prepared soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define broadcasting in the context of sowing seeds.

<p>The method of sowing seeds by manually scattering them over the surface of the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A seed drill is primarily used for harvesting crops.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is transplantation in agriculture?

<p>The process of growing seedlings in a nursery and then transferring them to the main prepared field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general purpose of fertilisers?

<p>To supply essential nutrients to the soil, thereby increasing or improving its fertility for better plant growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are natural fertilisers (manure) typically formed?

<p>They are formed through the decomposition of organic matter, such as plant residues and animal waste (e.g., dung).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes artificial or chemical fertilisers?

<p>Manufactured in factories and nutrient-specific (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crop rotation?

<p>The practice of growing different types of crops sequentially on the same piece of land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define irrigation.

<p>The artificial supply of water to land or soil to help in the growth of crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Moat (pulley) system of irrigation.

<p>A traditional method where water is lifted from a source (like a well) using a bucket attached to a rope and pulley, and then directed to fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the chain pump irrigation system work?

<p>It consists of two wheels connected by an endless chain carrying buckets. As the wheel turns, the buckets dip into a water source, lift the water, and empty it into an irrigation channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the Dhekli system of irrigation.

<p>A traditional lever-based system where a long pole is balanced on a support; a bucket is tied to one end to lift water, while a heavy counterweight is attached to the other end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Rahat (water wheel) system used for in agriculture?

<p>It's a traditional irrigation method using a large wheel, often animal-driven, with buckets attached to its rim that lift water from a source (like a well or river) into channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sprinkler irrigation is particularly useful for which type of land?

<p>Uneven land and sandy soils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drip irrigation conserves water by delivering it slowly and directly to the plant roots.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fertigation?

<p>A technique where soluble fertilisers are mixed with irrigation water and applied to crops, often through a drip irrigation system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are weeds in the context of agriculture?

<p>Unwanted plants that grow alongside cultivated crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe manual weeding.

<p>The removal of weeds by hand-pulling them or cutting them close to the ground using hand tools like a khurpi or trowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are weedicides used for?

<p>They are chemicals (herbicides) specifically designed to kill or control the growth of weeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of biological control of weeds.

<p>Using natural enemies (like specific insects or pathogens) to suppress or destroy weed populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are agricultural pests?

<p>Organisms, such as insects, rodents (like rats), birds, or certain diseases, that damage crops or stored produce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is harvesting?

<p>The process of cutting and gathering a mature crop from the fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sickle is a large, motorized machine used for harvesting large fields efficiently.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are harvesters in the context of agriculture?

<p>Motorized machines designed to cut and gather crops efficiently over large areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a thresher used for?

<p>It is a machine designed to separate grains from the stalks and chaff of harvested crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functions does a 'combine' machine perform?

<p>Both harvesting and threshing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of winnowing.

<p>The method used after threshing to separate heavier grains from lighter chaff and dust, typically by using wind or air currents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are godowns used for in agriculture?

<p>They are buildings or warehouses used for the storage of harvested crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are granaries or silos typically used for crop storage?

<p>They are large-scale storage facilities used for storing bulk quantities of grain, especially for long durations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are milch animals? Give examples.

<p>Animals that are raised primarily for the production of milk. Examples include cows, buffaloes, and goats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of meat-yielding animals.

<p>Animals raised primarily for their meat. Examples include goats, sheep, pigs, poultry (chickens, ducks), and fish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pisciculture?

<p>The controlled breeding and rearing of fish on a large scale, typically in artificial enclosures like ponds or tanks (fish farming).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animal husbandry involves which of the following?

<p>Raising animals for products like milk, meat, or fibre, including their care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crop?

<p>When plants of the same kind are grown or cultivated at one place on a large scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does soil preparation involve?

<p>It is the ploughing or tilling, levelling, and adding of nutrients in case the soil isn't rich in nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ploughing or tilling?

<p>It is the process of loosening and turning the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are levellers?

<p>They are wooden or metal planks that crush the crumbs and level the soil which are pulled by bullocks or tractors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is broadcasting in the context of sowing?

<p>The process of manually sowing seeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a seed drill?

<p>It is an implement used for sowing seeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is transplantation?

<p>The process of transferring seedlings from the smaller area of land (nursery) to the prepared field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fertilizers?

<p>These are substances that increase or improve the fertility of soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a natural fertilizer?

<p>It is fertilizer formed by the breakdown or decomposition of plant and animal remains, and waste material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are artificial or chemical fertilizers?

<p>These are fertilizers that are manufactured in factories which are rich in a particular plant nutrient like nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Moat system of irrigation.

<p>It is a traditional irrigation system which is also called the pulley system where water from a well is pulled using pulleys and sent to the fields through water channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the chain pump irrigation system.

<p>It is a traditional irrigation system consisting of two wheels connected by chains where buckets are connected to the chains and as wheels move the buckets fill with water and it is transferred to small channels leading to the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the dhekli system of irrigation.

<p>It is a traditional irrigation system where a rope and a bucket or a large vessel is tied to pole and by placing a heavy counterweight at the other end of the pole, water is drawn up for irrigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe sprinkler irrigation.

<p>It is a useful modern irrigation system which is used on uneven lands and sandy soils where the perpendicular pipes have rotating nozzles on their tops which are joined to the main pipe at regular intervals, where when water is pumped to the main pipe and under the pressure, it escapes from the revolving nozzles and is sprinkled on the crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe drip irrigation.

<p>It is a useful modern irrigation system which is used in areas with water scarcity, where pipes with very small holes are used to deliver water drop-by-drop near the roots of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are weeds?

<p>An unwanted plant that grows alongside useful crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is manual weeding?

<p>It is the process of pulling the weeds out by hand or by cutting them close to the ground with the help of implements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biological control of weeds?

<p>It is when farmers deliberately use insects or some other organisms which consume and specifically destroy the weed plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pests in agriculture?

<p>These are animals like rats and insects which damage crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sickle used for?

<p>It is a tool of manually harvesting crops which is done by cutting close to the ground which is commonly used in small fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a thresher?

<p>It is a machine which is used to thresh crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a combine machine?

<p>It is a machine which can be used for both harvesting and threshing of crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are godowns?

<p>These are storage places for crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are granaries or silos?

<p>These are storage facilities for grains and crops when they have to be stored in very large quantities for a very long time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are milk-yielding or milch animals?

<p>These are animals from which we obtain milk like cows, buffaloes and goats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are meat-yielding animals?

<p>These are animals from which we obtain meat like goats, sheep and fish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is animal husbandry?

<p>It is the process of raising animals on a large scale for meat, fibre, milk or other products, including their day-to-day care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is levelling in agriculture?

<p>The crushing of crumbs done to level the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the dhekli irrigation system.

<p>It is a traditional irrigation system where a rope and a bucket or a large vessel is tied to pole and by placing a heavy weight at the other end of the pole, water is drawn up for irrigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the rahat or water wheel irrigation system.

<p>It is a traditional irrigation system which is also called the water wheel which has several large buckets placed near the water source and when the wheel is turned by using a lever system driven generally by animals, it pulls the water up into water channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the sprinkler irrigation system.

<p>It is a useful modern irrigation system which is used on uneven lands and sandy soils where the perpendicular pipes have rotating nozzles on their drops which are joined to the main pipe at regular intervals, where when water is pumped to the main pipe and under the pressure, it escapes from the revolving nozzles and is sprinkled on the crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sickle used for in harvesting?

<p>It is a tool of manually harvesting crops which is done by cutting close to the ground which is commonly used in small fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are godowns used for?

<p>These are storage places for crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Crop

Plants of the same kind grown at one place on a large scale.

Kharif Crops

Crops grown during the monsoon season (rainy season).

Rabi Crops

Crops grown in the winter season.

Agriculture

The science of cultivating crops on a large scale.

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Agricultural Practices

Activities performed by farmers in sequence over time.

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Soil Preparation

Ploughing/tilling, leveling, and nutrient addition to soil.

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Ploughing or Tilling

Loosening and turning the soil.

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Humus

Material from decayed plants/animals in the soil which is rich in nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crumbs

Big lumps of soil found after ploughing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Levelling

Crushing crumbs to make the soil surface level.

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Levellers

Wooden or metal planks used to crush crumbs and level soil.

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Sowing

Planting seeds in the soil.

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Broadcasting

Manually sowing seeds.

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Seed drill

Implement used for sowing seeds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transplantation

Transferring seedlings from a smaller area to a prepared field.

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Fertilisers

Substances that increase or improve the fertility of soil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Fertiliser

Fertiliser from decomposed plant, animal remains, and waste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Artificial or Chemical Fertiliser

Fertilisers manufactured in factories, rich in specific nutrients.

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Crop Rotation

Planting different crops sequentially on the same land to improve soil fertility.

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Irrigation

Watering fields by artificial means to help plants grow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Moat System

Traditional system using pulleys to draw water from a well.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Chain Pump

Traditional system with buckets connected to chains moved by wheels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The dhekli system

Traditional system using a rope, bucket, pole, and weight for irrigation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The rahat system

Traditional system using a water wheel turned by animals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sprinkler Irrigation

Modern system using rotating nozzles to sprinkle water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drip Irrigation

Modern system delivering water drop-by-drop near plant roots.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fertigation

Fertilisers mixed with irrigation water and delivered to crops.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weeds

Unwanted plant that grows alongside useful crops.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weeding

Removing weeds from crop fields.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manual Weeding

Pulling weeds out by hand or cutting them close to the ground.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weedicides

Chemicals used to control weeds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological Control of weeds

Using insects or other organisms to destroy weed plants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pests

Animals damaging crops like rats and insects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Harvesting

Cutting and gathering a crop after it is matured.

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Sickle

A tool used for manually harvesting crops.

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Harvesters

Motorised machines for harvesting crops in larger fields.

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Threshing

Separating the grain from the crop plant.

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Thresher

A machine which is used to thresh crops.

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Combine

Machine for both harvesting and threshing of crops.

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Chaff

The outer covering of grains/crops.

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Winnowing

Removing seeds from the chaff.

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Godowns

Storage places for crops.

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Granaries or Silos

Storage facilities for grains and crops in large quantities.

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Milk-Yielding or Milch Animals

Animals from which we get milk, e.g., cows, goats.

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Meat-Yielding Animals

Animals raised for meat, e.g., goats, sheep, fish.

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Pisciculture

Rearing of fish on a large scale.

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Apiculture

Rearing of honeybees on a large scale.

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Animal Husbandry

Raising animals for meat, fibre, milk, including their care.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Crop definition: Plants of the same type grown and cultivated in one place on a large scale.

Kharif Crops

  • Grown during the monsoon season.

Rabi Crops

  • Grown in the winter season.

Agriculture

  • The science of cultivating crops on a large scale.

Agricultural Practices

  • Activities farmers perform in a sequence over time.

Soil Preparation

  • Includes ploughing or tilling, leveling, and nutrient addition.

Ploughing or Tilling

  • The process of loosening and turning the soil.

Humus

  • Material formed from decayed plants and animals in the soil.

Crumbs

  • Large lumps of soil present after ploughing.

Leveling

  • Crushing crumbs to level the soil.

Levelers

  • Wooden or metal planks used to crush crumbs and level soil.

Sowing

  • The process of planting seeds in the soil.

Broadcasting

  • Manually sowing seeds.

Seed Drill

  • Implement used for sowing seeds.

Transplantation

  • Moving seedlings from a small area to a prepared field.

Fertilizers

  • Substances that increase soil fertility.

Natural Fertilizer

  • Formed by the breakdown of plant, animal remains, and waste material.

Artificial or Chemical Fertilizer

  • Manufactured fertilizers rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium.

Crop Rotation

  • Planting different crops sequentially to improve soil fertility.

Irrigation

  • Artificially watering fields to help plants grow.

The Moat System

  • Traditional irrigation that pulls water using pulleys from a well to fields.

The Chain Pump

  • Traditional irrigation using two wheels connected by chains with buckets to transfer water.

The Dhekli System

  • Traditional irrigation using a rope, bucket, and pole with a weight for drawing water.

The Rahat System

  • Traditional irrigation, a water wheel with buckets turned by animals to pull water.

Sprinkler Irrigation

  • Modern irrigation for uneven lands using rotating nozzles on pipes.

Drip Irrigation

  • Modern irrigation delivering water drop-by-drop near plant roots, useful in water-scarce areas.

Fertigation

  • Fertilizer application by incorporating them with irrigation water, often via drip systems.

Weeds

  • Unwanted plants growing alongside crops.

Weeding

  • The process of removing weeds from crop fields.

Manual Weeding

  • Removing weeds by hand or with implements.

Weedicides

  • Chemicals used to control weeds.

Biological Control of Weeds

  • Using insects or organisms to destroy weed plants.

Pests

  • Animals like rats and insects that damage crops.

Harvesting

  • Cutting and gathering a mature crop.

Sickle

  • A tool for manually harvesting crops.

Harvesters

  • Motorized machines for harvesting crops in large fields.

Threshing

  • Separating grain from the crop plant.

Thresher

  • A machine used to thresh crops.

Combine

  • A machine for both harvesting and threshing crops.

Chaff

  • Outer covering of grains, separated from the crop.

Winnowing

  • Removing seeds from the chaff.

Godowns

  • Storage places for crops.

Granaries or Silos

  • Facilities for storing large quantities of grains for long periods.

Milk-Yielding or Milch Animals

  • Animals like cows, buffaloes, and goats from which milk is obtained.

Meat-Yielding Animals

  • Animals like goats, sheep, and fish from which meat is obtained.

Pisciculture

  • Rearing fish on a large scale.

Apiculture

  • Rearing honeybees on a large scale.

Animal Husbandry

  • Raising animals on a large scale for products, including their care.

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