Questions and Answers
What is the process of removing unwanted plants called?
Weeding
What is the purpose of using organic manure and fertilisers?
To replenish and enrich the soil
What is the term for the supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals?
Irrigation
What is the process of cutting mature crops called?
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What is the purpose of proper storage of grains?
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What is the term for the separation of grains from chaff?
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What is the term for rearing animals for food?
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What is the term for a large-scale cultivation of the same kind of plants?
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What is used to lift water from wells, lakes, and canals in traditional methods of irrigation?
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What is the purpose of irrigation?
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Which of the following is a traditional method of irrigation?
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What is the advantage of modern methods of irrigation?
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Which of the following is NOT a traditional method of irrigation?
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What is used to run pumps in modern irrigation methods?
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What is the disadvantage of traditional methods of irrigation?
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What is the name of the lever system used in traditional irrigation methods?
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What is the purpose of using a seed drill?
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Why do some plants grow better than others?
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What happens to the soil when crops are grown continuously?
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What is the purpose of manuring?
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Why are seeds of some plants first grown in a nursery?
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What is the result of improper or insufficient manuring?
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What is the role of soil in plant growth?
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Why are little plants kept in small bags in a nursery?
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What is required for growing a crop, apart from sufficient sunlight?
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Which type of crops are paddy and maize?
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What is the purpose of chemical fertilisers?
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What is the main difference between fertilisers and manure?
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What is the purpose of irrigation?
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What would happen if wheat is sown in the kharif season?
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What happens to the soil if the same crop is planted continuously in a field?
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What are weeds?
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Why do humans need to eat food?
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What is the term for growing plants of the same kind on a large scale at one place?
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What did people do before the birth of agriculture?
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What is the purpose of using tools like khurpi, sickle, shovel, and plough in farming?
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What do plants use to make their own food?
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Why is regular production, proper management, and distribution of food necessary?
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What is agriculture?
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What is the main difference between plants and animals in terms of food production?
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Study Notes
Crop Production and Management
- Plants synthesise their own food through photosynthesis, while animals, including humans, cannot make their own food and rely on plants or other animals for nutrition.
- Agriculture was born around 10,000 BCE when people started cultivating land and producing rice, wheat, and other food crops.
Traditional Methods of Irrigation
- Traditional methods of irrigation include:
- Moat (pulley-system)
- Chain pump
- Dhekli
- Rahat (lever system)
- These methods use cattle or human labour and are cheaper but less efficient.
Modern Methods of Irrigation
- Modern methods of irrigation help conserve water and are more efficient.
- Pumps are commonly used for lifting water, powered by diesel, biogas, electricity, or solar energy.
Adding Manure and Fertilisers
- Manure and fertilisers are added to the soil to provide nutrients for healthy plant growth.
- Soil supplies mineral nutrients to crops, which are essential for growth.
- Continuous cultivation of crops can make soil poor in nutrients, requiring farmers to add manure to replenish the soil.
Crop Production Process
- Seeds are sown using a seed drill, which saves time and labour.
- Sowing ensures seeds are covered by soil, protecting them from birds.
- Crops require sufficient sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil to grow.
- Weeding involves removing unwanted plants called weeds.
- Harvesting involves cutting the mature crop manually or by machines.
- Threshing separates grains from chaff.
- Proper storage of grains protects them from pests and microorganisms.
Animal Husbandry
- Food is also obtained from animals through animal husbandry.
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