Crop Pests and Diseases Management

Questions and Answers

Microorganisms may damage or ruin the harvested crops if they are stored without ______.

drying

The process of separating grains from the chaff with the help of wind is called ______.

winnowing

The organisms that feed on crops and damage them are called ______.

pests

D.M.S. Swaminathan, an eminent Indian ______, played a pivotal role in the Green Revolution.

agricultural scientist Signup and view all the answers

Pesticides should be sprayed in the correct ______, and at an appropriate time.

dosage Signup and view all the answers

Crops are cut with the help of a ______ or by a machine called a harvester.

sickle Signup and view all the answers

Hybridisation is a technique of developing new crop varieties by crossbreeding two different types of ______.

crops Signup and view all the answers

Nitrogen is also essential for ______ to carry out many life functions.

living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Harvested grains have moisture, so it is important to dry them in the ______ before storage.

sun Signup and view all the answers

The process of converting nitrogen from the air to a usable form is called the ______ of nitrogen.

fixing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Crop Production and Management

The Green Revolution was a significant agricultural transformation that addressed food security issues by increasing crop yields and food production.
D.M.S. Swaminathan, an Indian agricultural scientist, played a pivotal role in the Green Revolution, developing high-yielding crop varieties and advocating for stable farming practices to improve agricultural productivity and alleviate poverty.

Plant Breeding

Hybridisation is a technique of developing new crop varieties by crossbreeding two different types of crops to get a new variety having the desired traits of both crops.
High-yielding crops resistant to diseases are developed by crossbreeding two crops, one with a high yield and the other with disease resistance.
Examples of hybrid wheat varieties in India include Kalyan Sona and Sonalika.

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen is essential for plants and is required for the formation of proteins and to carry out many life functions.
Nitrogen present in the air is converted into a usable form by specialized bacteria in the soil, which is then used by plants.
The process of converting nitrogen from the air to a usable form is called nitrogen fixation.

Protection from Pests and Diseases

Pests, such as rats, termites, locusts, and weevils, feed on crops and damage them, and can be controlled by using pesticides and insecticides.
Pesticides should be sprayed in the correct dosage and at an appropriate time to avoid harm to human health and the environment.
Fungi, bacteria, or viruses can also damage plants, and can be controlled by using fungicides and other chemicals.
Pesticides should be used with caution, as they can harm human health and contaminate soil and water.

Harvesting, Threshing, and Winnowing

Crops are harvested by cutting them with a sickle or a machine called a harvester.
Threshing is the process of separating grains from the rest of the crop, which can be done by a thresher machine or a combine.
Winnowing is the process of separating grains from the chaff using wind, and can also be done by a machine.

Storage

Harvested grains have moisture, so they need to be dried in the sun before storage to prevent attacks by insects, fungi, and bacteria.
If stored without drying, microorganisms may damage or ruin the crops